EU project SponGES
Published March 23, 2018 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Seven new deep-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Galápagos Islands – morphological descriptions and DNA barcodes

Creators

  • 1. Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
  • 2. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, BioMedical Centre, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
  • 3. Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland
  • 4. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 U.S. 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946, USA
  • 5. National Centre for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 99940, Newmarket, Auckland 1149, New Zealand
  • 6. Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany; SNSB – Bavarian State Collections of Palaeontology and Geology, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany; GeoBio-Center LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
  • 7. Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany; GeoBio-Center LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany

Description

The Galápagos Islands, positioned in the confluence of warm and coldwater currents in the Eastern Pacific, is well known for the high degree of endemism of its marine invertebrate fauna. This fauna has been studied extensively in recent years: the echinoderms, corals and other benthic cnidarians, but little is known about the deep- and shallow-water sponge faunas. To date, only 70 sponge species have been described from the Galápagos Islands, 37 of which are endemic. Of these 70 species, only one shallow-water species of desma-bearing Tetractinellida (Demospongiae), Corallistes isabela, has been reported. In 1995, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Florida, led an expedition around the Galápagos archipelago, focussed on the collection of deep-water Porifera. Here, we describe seven new species and provide DNA barcodes for the tetractinellids from these collections. Phylogenetic relationships of these new species are discussed and compared with other material from the Caribbean, the Central and West Pacific Oceans. The new species represent five genera (Craniella, and desma-bearing Tetractinellida Neophrissospongia, Corallistes, Racodiscula and Scleritoderma). Phylogenetic reconstructions combining independent markers (mtDNA and rDNA) support the generic affiliation of these new species and confirm the separation of Eastern Pacific species from Caribbean and Central to West Pacific species.

Notes

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Financial support for this study was provided by the German Science Foundation (DFG ER 611/3-1, DFG Wo869/15-1). The LMUMentoring and the HELGE AX:Son JOHNSON STIFTELSE provided funding for AS to visit HBOI (Florida, USA) and NIWA (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland and Wellington in New Zealand). We greatly thank the colleagues Amy Wright, John Reed and Megan Conkling from HBOI for sharing material, help in the collection, shipping from Florida and providing underwater and deck pictures for the new described species as well as the crew of the RV 'Johnson Sea Link I' submersible for collection of the samples. Specimens were supplied by the NIWA Invertebrate Collection (NIC); we are particularly grateful to Sadie Mills and Kareen Schnabel for their assistance in Wellington and diligent assistance with loans. Several specimens (NIWA 110983, 110214, 18823) were collected by the Coral Reef Research Foundation under contract to the US National Cancer Institute. This is a contribution of the Coral Reef Research Foundation, Palau. We thank Roland Melzer (ZSM, Zoologische Staatssammlung München) for the introduction to the SEM. We thank Gabrielle Büttner and Simone Schätzle (Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, LMU Munich, Germany) for sequencing assistance. PC is supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through the SponGES project (grant agreement no. 679849). MK's participation was funded by NIWA under Coasts and Oceans Research Programme 2 Marine Biological Resources: Discovery and definition of the marine biota of New Zealand (2017/2018 SCI). SUPPORTING INFORMATION: Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher's web-site: Table S1. Specimen list. [Version of Record, published online 23 March 2018; http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:20FB9570-C49B-4B2A-ADFA-684F5495A0BF] Supplementary data: Supplemetary Table- xlsx file © 2018 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/advance-article/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx110/4951921#supplementary-data (URL)
Is supplemented by
http://zoobank.org/References/20FB9570-C49B-4B2A-ADFA-684F5495A0BF (URL)
https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/zoolinnean/PAP/10.1093_zoolinnean_zlx110/2/zlx110_suppl_supplemetary_table.xlsx?Expires=1522680212&Signature=Z9RgR26-OqJMHx0C5GEVPEONtARrxOtL8m4BknvvWWbzis9d7uFBaZ4q3MMt~AaDrcRsqYfSaAQ6AxUj5ZOiISFmndND2gNQzvGOv4NlQ7RkRtrgoOJ3esEpW7uCtr9ockdgpZikDhh020xIAql9CFVr1Uu3l4fUvN6yr5h2P0TvrJVypMcXUs~4DjAXrbKgmy~5ycShPVisIgiqyv-Equ-d3qJq8UZMiNbDK8xulC5xQ3dXdfIzJf5i28Zv~ryTEtwxLq8I9to2M1LGr~wtgUONlcwI9sqCR1ZomjSm1Ht-OtzSDUsB6w5kwaGFeNdpMs1X2IijRTi4FUozUflc4w__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIUCZBIA4LVPAVW3Q (URL)

Funding

SponGES – Deep-sea Sponge Grounds Ecosystems of the North Atlantic: an integrated approach towards their preservation and sustainable exploitation 679849
European Commission