Physical, Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Construction and Demolition Waste Produced in Greece
Description
Construction industry in Greece consumes annually
more than 25 million tons of natural aggregates originating mainly
from quarries. At the same time, more than 2 million tons of
construction and demolition waste are deposited every year, usually
without control, therefore increasing the environmental impact of this
sector. A potential alternative for saving natural resources and
minimize landfilling, could be the recycling and re-use of Concrete
and Demolition Waste (CDW) in concrete production. Moreover, in
order to conform to the European legislation, Greece is obliged to
recycle non-hazardous construction and demolition waste to a
minimum of 70% by 2020. In this paper characterization of recycled
materials - commercially and laboratory produced, coarse and fine,
Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) - has been performed. Namely,
X-Ray Fluorescence and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were used
for chemical and mineralogical analysis respectively. Physical
properties such as particle density, water absorption, sand equivalent
and resistance to fragmentation were also determined. This study,
first time made in Greece, aims at outlining the differences between
RCA and natural aggregates and evaluating their possible influence
in concrete performance. Results indicate that RCA’s chemical
composition is enriched in Si, Al, and alkali oxides compared to
natural aggregates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses results
indicated the presence of calcite, quartz and minor peaks of mica and
feldspars. From all the evaluated physical properties of coarse RCA,
only water absorption and resistance to fragmentation seem to have a
direct influence on the properties of concrete. Low Sand Equivalent
and significantly high water absorption values indicate that fine
fractions of RCA cannot be used for concrete production unless
further processed. Chemical properties of RCA in terms of water
soluble ions are similar to those of natural aggregates. Four different
concrete mixtures were produced and examined, replacing natural
coarse aggregates with RCA by a ratio of 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%
respectively. Results indicate that concrete mixtures containing
recycled concrete aggregates have a minor deterioration of their
properties (3-9% lower compression strength at 28 days) compared to
conventional concrete containing the same cement quantity.
Files
9999382.pdf
Files
(851.8 kB)
Name | Size | Download all |
---|---|---|
md5:e3f9688f4f8405230b0ab0a01e18c493
|
851.8 kB | Preview Download |
Additional details
References
- WFD Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives
- RILEM TC 217-PRE report pp. 34-223.
- Chi-Sun Poon, "The use of recycled aggregate in concrete in Hong Kong, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 50 (2007) 293–305.
- Xuping Li "Recycling and reuse of waste concrete in ChinaPart I. Material behavior of recycled aggregate concrete", Resources, Conservation and Recycling 53 (2008) 36–44.
- Xuping Li, "Recycling and reuse of waste concrete in China Part II. Structural behavior of recycled aggregate concrete and engineering applications," Resources, Conservation and Recycling 53 (2009) 107– 112.
- R. Hadjieva-Zaharieva, "Building waste management in Bulgaria: challenges and opportunities" Waste Management 23 (2003) 749–761.
- Khaldoun Rahal, "Mechanical properties of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate", Building and Environment 42 (2007) 407–415)
- Sami W. Tabsh et al., "Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on strength properties of concrete", Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009) 1163–1167).
- Etxeberria E. et al., "Influence of amount of recycled coarse aggregates and production process on properties of recycled aggregate concrete", Cement and Concrete Research, Volume 37, Issue 5, May 2007, Pages 735-742. [10] Khatib J.M., "Properties of concrete incorporating fine recycled aggregates", Cement and Concrete Research 35 (2005), 763-769. [11] K. K. Sagoe-Crentsil, "Performance of concrete made with commercially produced aggregates", Cement and Concrete Research, 31 (2009), 707-712. [12] M.C. Limbachiya, "Chemical–mineralogical characterisation of coarse recycled concrete aggregate",Waste Management 27 (2007) 201–208. [13] G. Bianchini, "Recycling of construction and demolition waste materials: a chemical–mineralogical appraisal", Waste Management 25 (2005) 149–159. [14] S.C. Angulo, "Chemical–mineralogical characterization of C&D waste recycled aggregates from São Paulo, Brazil", Waste Management 29 (2009) 721–730. [15] Fernando Rodrigues, "Physical chemical and mineralogical characterization of fine aggregates from construction and demolition waste recycling plants" Journal of Cleaner Production 52 (2013), 438- 445. [16] A.Ε. SAVVA, "Experimental approach of the use of industrially recycled aggregates in the production of new concrete", Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, No 2, 45-57. [17] S. Mavridou, Part II, 16th Concrete Congress, ΤΕΕ, ΕΤΕΚ, 21-23/10/ 2009, Paphos, Cyprus. [18] EN 206-1: 2013Concrete - Specification, performance, production and conformity. [19] EN 933-11:2009: Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 11: Classification test for the constituents of coarse recycled aggregate. [20] EN 12620:2013 Aggregates for concrete. [21] EN 1744-1:2009 Tests for chemical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Chemical analysis. [22] EN 1744-5:2009 Tests for chemical properties of aggregates - Part 5: Determination of acid soluble chloride salts. [23] EN 1744-6:2006 Tests for chemical properties of aggregates - Part 6: Determination of the influence of recycled aggregate extract on the initial setting time of cement. [24] EN 196.3:2011 Methods of testing cement - Part 3: Determination of setting times and soundness. [25] EN 933-1:2012 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution - Sieving method. [26] EN 1097-6:2013 Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption. [27] EN 933-8:2012 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 8: Assessment of fines - Sand equivalent test. [28] EN 1097-2:2010 Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation. [29] EN 12390-3:2009 Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens. [30] Neville, A. 1996, Properties of Concrete, 4th ed., Wiley, London, UK, 844p. [31] Amnon Katz, "Properties of concrete made with recycled aggregatefrom partially hydrated old concrete", Cement and Concrete Research 33 (2003) 703– 711. [32] M. Chakradhara Rao, "Influence of field recycled coarse aggregate on properties of concrete", Materials and Structures (2011) 44:205-220 [33] C.S. Poon et al., "Effect of microstructure of ITZ on compressive strength of concrete prepared with recycled aggregates", Construction and Building Materials 18 (2004) 461–468.