Published April 3, 2024 | Version v1
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Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification

  • 1. Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
  • 2. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
  • 3. University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland|University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  • 4. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
  • 5. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
  • 6. Queensland Herbarium and Biodiversity Science, Toowong, Australia
  • 7. Universidade Federal de Bahia, Salvador, Brazil|Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • 8. Royal Botanic Gardens, Richmond, United Kingdom
  • 9. Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
  • 10. University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam
  • 11. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Mérida, Mexico
  • 12. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, United States of America
  • 13. Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 14. Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany|Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom|University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
  • 15. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
  • 16. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  • 17. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  • 18. Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, United States of America
  • 19. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
  • 20. Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios, Madre de Dios, Peru
  • 21. University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
  • 22. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, United States of America
  • 23. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil|Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  • 24. Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
  • 25. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil|Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Santa Teresa, Brazil
  • 26. University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden|Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • 27. Cornell University, Ithaca, United States of America
  • 28. Natural History Museum of Canton Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
  • 29. Western Australian Herbarium, Bentley Delivery Centre, Australia|Singapore Herbarium, Singapore, Singapore
  • 30. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina|Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 31. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • 32. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Victoria, Australia
  • 33. Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
  • 34. Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil
  • 35. University of Illinois, Urbana, United States of America
  • 36. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 37. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brasília, Brazil
  • 38. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil

Description

Caesalpinioideae is the second largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) with ca. 4680 species and 163 genera. It is an ecologically and economically important group formed of mostly woody perennials that range from large canopy emergent trees to functionally herbaceous geoxyles, lianas and shrubs, and which has a global distribution, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. Following the recent re-circumscription of 15 Caesalpinioideae genera as presented in Advances in Legume Systematics 14, Part 1, and using as a basis a phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear gene sequences for 420 species and all but five of the genera currently recognised in the subfamily, we present a new higher-level classification for the subfamily. The new classification of Caesalpinioideae comprises eleven tribes, all of which are either new, reinstated or re-circumscribed at this rank: Caesalpinieae Rchb. (27 genera / ca. 223 species), Campsiandreae LPWG (2 / 5–22), Cassieae Bronn (7 / 695), Ceratonieae Rchb. (4 / 6), Dimorphandreae Benth. (4 / 35), Erythrophleeae LPWG (2 /13), Gleditsieae Nakai (3 / 20), Mimoseae Bronn (100 / ca. 3510), Pterogyneae LPWG (1 / 1), Schizolobieae Nakai (8 / 42–43), Sclerolobieae Benth. & Hook. f. (5 / ca. 113). Although many of these lineages have been recognised and named in the past, either as tribes or informal generic groups, their circumscriptions have varied widely and changed over the past decades, such that all the tribes described here differ in generic membership from those previously recognised. Importantly, the approximately 3500 species and 100 genera of the former subfamily Mimosoideae are now placed in the reinstated, but newly circumscribed, tribe Mimoseae. Because of the large size and ecological importance of the tribe, we also provide a clade-based classification system for Mimoseae that includes 17 named lower-level clades. Fourteen of the 100 Mimoseae genera remain unplaced in these lower-level clades: eight are resolved in two grades and six are phylogenetically isolated monogeneric lineages. In addition to the new classification, we provide a key to genera, morphological descriptions and notes for all 163 genera, all tribes, and all named clades. The diversity of growth forms, foliage, flowers and fruits are illustrated for all genera, and for each genus we also provide a distribution map, based on quality-controlled herbarium specimen localities. A glossary for specialised terms used in legume morphology is provided. This new phylogenetically based classification of Caesalpinioideae provides a solid system for communication and a framework for downstream analyses of biogeography, trait evolution and diversification, as well as for taxonomic revision of still understudied genera.

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References

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