Agraulos Hawle & Corda 1847
- 1. Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) and Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Geophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum (Germany)
- 2. Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
Description
Genus Agraulos Hawle & Corda, 1847
Agraulos Hawle & Corda, 1847: 26, 27. —
Type species: Arion ceticephalus Barrande, 1846, designated by Miller (1889).
Arion Barrande, 1846: 12, 13. —
Type species: Arion ceticephalus Barrande, 1846, by monotypy (Barrande 1846).
Arionides – Barrande 1847: 391.
Herse Hawle & Corda, 1847: 19. —
Type species: Herse neubergii Hawle & Corda, 1847, by monotypy (Hawle & Corda 1847).
Arionellus – Barrande 1852b: 404.
DIAGNOSIS. — Cranidium parabolic and domed; exoskeleton thick; glabella domed, equal-sided to trapezoidal; preglabellar field long; thorax of 16 segments (based onLake 1932; Harrington et al. 1959; Fletcher 2017, with modifications).
REMARKS
The genus was first described by Barrande (1846) as Arion. As the name Arion was occupied by a genus of gastropods, Hawle & Corda (1847) renamed the trilobite Arion to Agraulos. Barrande (1847) corrected his mistake and renamed the genus to Arionides. Barrande (1852b) re-renamed the genus to Arionellus, as in his opinion Arionides might still be challenged by other authors. He rejected Agraulos Hawle & Corda (1847) as he found the name too similar to Agraulis, a genus of butterflies. Nevertheless, Pompeckj (1896) and Lake (1932) stated that a similarity of names, i.e. Agraulos and Agraulis, was not an adequate reason to reject the name given by Hawle & Corda (1947). Therefore, Agraulos is now the name established for this genus. Lake (1932) mentioned that Hawle & Corda (1847) described juvenile forms of Agraulos as the new genus Herse.
The genus Agraulos is closely related to Skreiaspis Růžička, 1946, but differs by a longer preglabellar field (Harrington et al. 1959). Agraulos is here included in the family Agraulidae Howell, 1937, following e.g., Harrington et al. (1959), Martin & Dean (1988), Jell & Adrain (2002), Bentley & Jago (2004) and Weidner & Nielsen (2014). The limiting of Agraulidae to a subfamily of the family Solenopleuridae Angelin, 1854, as proposed by Fletcher (2017), is not followed herein. This latter author suggested that the same characters that support Agraulidae, as defined by Bentley & Jago (2004), are also seen in Parasolenopleura aculeata (Angelin, 1851), the reference species of the Solenopleuridae.However, the Solenopleuridae has a deep occipital furrow and a narrow border (Harrington et al. 1959), which differ from a weakly to effaced occipital furrow and presence of a preglabellar field, as characteristically seen in the Agraulidae (Harrington et al. 1959; Bentley & Jago 2004).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Agraulidae
- Genus
- Agraulos
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Ptychopariida
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Scientific name authorship
- Hawle & Corda
- Taxon rank
- genus
- Taxonomic concept label
- Agraulos Hawle, 1847 sec. Unger, Hildenbrand, Stinnesbeck & Austermann, 2022
References
- HAWLE I. & CORDA A. J. C. 1847. - Prodrom einer Monographie der bohmischen Trilobiten. J. G. Calve'sche Buchhandlung, Prague, 176 p. (Reprinted in 1848 in Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften 5 (2): 117 - 292). https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 45618120
- BARRANDE J. 1846. - Notice preliminaire sur le systeme silurien et les Trilobites de Boheme. Hirschfeld, Leipzig, 96 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9142
- MILLER S. A. 1889. - North American Geology and Paleontology for the Use of Amateurs, Students, and Scientists. Western Methodist book concern, Cincinnati, Ohio, 793 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 28778
- BARRANDE J. 1847. - Uber das Hypostoma und Epistoma, zwei analoge, aber verschiedene Organe der Trilobiten. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geognosie Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde 1847: 385 - 399. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36376006
- BARRANDE J. 1852 b. - Systeme silurien du Centre de la Boheme. 1 ere Partie: Texte. Crustaces: Trilobites. Recherches paleontologiques 1: 1 - 935. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 57395510
- HARRINGTON H. J., HENNINGSMOEN G., HOWELL B. F., JAANUSSON V., LOCHMAN- BALK C., MOORE R. C., POULSEN C., RASETTI F., RICHTER E., RICHTER R., SCHMIDT H., SDUZY K., STRUVE W., STORMER L., STUBBLEFIELD C. J., TRIPP R., WELLER J. M. & WHITTINGTON H. B. 1959. - Treatise on Invertebrate Paeontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1. The Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, 560 p.
- FLETCHER T. P. 2017. - Agraulos ceticephalus and other Cambrian Trilobites in the subfamily Agraulinae from Bohemia, Newfoundland and Wales. Papers in Palaeontology 3 (2): 175 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / spp 2.1071
- POMPECKJ J. F. 1896. - Das Kambrium von Tejrovic und Skrej in Bohmen. Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt 94: 498 - 614. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35578547
- LAKE P. 1932. - Monograph of the British Cambrian Trilobites, Part 7. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London 84: 149 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1932.12035620
- RUZICKA R. 1946. - O nekterych vyznacnych trilobitech skryjskeho kambria. Vestnik Kralovske ceske spolecnosti nauk, Trida Mathematicko- Prirodovedecka: 1 - 26.
- HOWELL B. F. 1937. - Cambrian Centropleura vermontensis fauna of northwestern Vermont. Geological Society of America Bulletin 48 (8): 1147 - 1210. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / Gsab- 48 - 1147
- MARTIN F. & DEAN W. T. 1988. - Middle and upper Cambrian acritarch and trilobite zonation at Manuels River and Random Island, eastern Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 381 (1): 1 - 91.
- JELL P. A. & ADRAIN J. M. 2002. - Available generic names for trilobites. Memoirs-Queensland Museum 48 (2): 331 - 552. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 52968716
- BENTLEY C. J. & JAGO J. B. 2004. - Wuaniid trilobites of Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 30: 179 - 191.
- WEIDNER T. & NIELSEN A. T. 2014. - A highly diverse trilobite fauna with Avalonian affinities from the middle Cambrian Acidusus atavus Zone (Drumian Stage) of Bornholm, Denmark. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 12 (1): 23 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.10 80 / 14772019.2012.740080
- ANGELIN N. P. 1854. - Palaeontologia Scandinavica, Pars II: Crustacea Formationis Transitionis. Weigel, Leipzig and Lund, 92 p.
- ANGELIN N. P. 1851. - Palaeontologia Svecica, Pars I: Iconographia Crustaceorum Formationis Transitionis. Weigel, Leipzig and Lund, 24 p.