Seawater velocities measured from autonomous sailbuoy in the Barents Sea from May to July 2021 on campaign the PolarFront project

PolarFront Sailbuoy ADCP 2021
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7463096

This dataset contains ocean currents measured using acoustic Doppler current profiler attached to sailing autonomous surface vehicle ADCP, while on campaign at 70–77N in the Barents Sea for the PolarFront research project, between 16 May and 25 July 2021. The ADCP is equipped with a Aanderaa DCPS 5400 operating at 600 kHz, mounted in the keel at –0.2 m.

Space/time coverage

• Time: 2021-05-16T13:45:00Z/2021-07-25T13:15:00Z
• Space: [20.5,70.0,33.0,76.8] ([W,S,E,N])

Data distributions

Datalogger (text files)

The primary distribution consists of 2 datalogger text files retrieved post-mission from sailbuoy internal storage. The files are the full scale original data records, as captured by the internal sofware of manufacturer Offshore Sensing.

• DATA.TXT: Position and sensor metadata
• DCPS.TXT: Full resolution ADCP data

GeoJSON

For increased data interoperability, a GeoJSON file is also included, consisting of Point features like the following:

{  "geometry": { "coordinates": [30.11165, 76.438894], "type": "Point" },  "properties": {    "time": "2021-05-19T22:45:00Z",    "TTFF": 11,    "Count": 24,    "Commands": 0,    "TxTries": 1,    "ONT": 635,    "DiskUsed": 0.783123,    "Files": 0,    "I": 0.01564,    "V": 13.195122,    "Temperature": 4.06502,    "DCPSStatus": 0,    "DCPSOnMin": 10,    "DCPSSpeed": 0.329999,    "DCPSDirection": 233.233643  },  "type": "Feature" }

The GeoJSON file is derived from DATA.TXT and contains the full position and DCPS metadata log in a standard/machine-parsable format, including coordinated universal time following RFC 3339/ISO 8601.

Data formats and interoperability

Both of the datalogger text files are in non-standard vendor formats.

The DCPS text file format is described in the vendor manual.

The file contains blocks of data like the following [abbreviated with …]:

Sensorlog opened 25.07.2021 09:45:22 GPS: 25.07.2021 09:45:22 70.41890 20.86238 % StartupInfo 5400 278 Mode AADI Smart Sensor Terminal Protocol RS232 Protocol Version 3 Config Version 24 Initializing... Started... MEASUREMENT 5400 278 Heading[Deg.M] 1.273158E+02 Std Dev Heading[Deg.M] 1.723455E+01 Pitch[Deg] 2.154734E+00 Roll[Deg] -1.790609E+02 Abs Tilt[Deg] 1.754838E+02 Max Tilt[Deg] 1.557648E+01 Std Dev Tilt[Deg] 3.270466E+00 [dB] -1.506568E+01 Beam1 Speed[cm/s] 6.876747E+00 Beam2 Speed[cm/s] -6.788397E+00 Beam3 Speed[cm/s] -2.735732E+00 Beam4 Speed[cm/s] 1.103965E+01 Beam1 Strength[dB] -1.544114E+01 Beam2 Strength[dB] -1.625029E+01 Beam3 Strength[dB] -1.496771E+01 Beam4 Strength[dB] -1.360359E+01 Beam1 Stdev[cm/s] 3.395284E+01 Beam2 Stdev[cm/s] 3.413885E+01 Beam3 Stdev[cm/s] 3.271529E+01 Beam4 Stdev[cm/s] 3.455396E+01 Cross Difference[cm/s] -1.102337E-01 Cell Index 1018 Cell State1 192 Cell State2 0 Horizontal Speed[cm/s] 2.347246E+01 Direction[Deg.M] 1.098335E+01 Vertical Speed[cm/s] 7.713141E-01 SP Stdev Horizontal[cm/s] 3.431560E+01 Strength[dB] -1.573328E+01 Beam1 Speed[cm/s] 6.432352E+00 Beam2 Speed[cm/s] -8.299657E+00 Beam3 Speed[cm/s] -4.397081E+00 Beam4 Speed[cm/s] 1.001187E+01 Beam1 Strength[dB] -1.629114E+01 Beam2 Strength[dB] -1.645497E+01 Beam3 Strength[dB] -1.556689E+01 Beam4 Strength[dB] -1.462012E+01 Beam1 Stdev[cm/s] 3.267523E+01 Beam2 Stdev[cm/s] 3.353933E+01 Beam3 Stdev[cm/s] 3.340965E+01 Beam4 Stdev[cm/s] 3.563532E+01 Cross Difference[cm/s] 3.230557E-01 Cell Index 1019 Cell State1 192 Cell State2 0 Horizontal Speed[cm/s] 2.263987E+01 Direction[Deg.M] 2.118668E+00 Vertical Speed[cm/s] 7.811335E-01 SP Stdev Horizontal[cm/s] 3.478786E+01 Strength[dB] -1.634818E+01 Beam1 Speed[cm/s] 7.155034E+00 Beam2 Speed[cm/s] -7.624396E+00 Beam3 Speed[cm/s] -5.276049E+00 Beam4 Speed[cm/s] 8.947102E+00 Beam1 Strength[dB] -1.718017E+01 Beam2 Strength[dB] -1.712165E+01 Beam3 Strength[dB] -1.613895E+01 Beam4 Strength[dB] -1.495194E+01 Beam1 Stdev[cm/s] 3.393344E+01 Beam2 Stdev[cm/s] 3.358436E+01 Beam3 Stdev[cm/s] 3.374372E+01 Beam4 Stdev[cm/s] 3.501128E+01 Cross Difference[cm/s] 5.562803E-01 Cell Index 1020 Cell State1 192 Cell State2 0 Horizontal Speed[cm/s] 2.174003E+01 Direction[Deg.M] 3.589189E+02 Vertical Speed[cm/s] 1.768791E+00 SP Stdev Horizontal[cm/s] 3.600504E+01 Strength[dB] -1.725172E+01 Beam1 Speed[cm/s] 7.619042E+00 Beam2 Speed[cm/s] -7.300309E+00 Beam3 Speed[cm/s] -3.576844E+00 Beam4 Speed[cm/s] 9.374583E+00 Beam1 Strength[dB] -1.771657E+01 Beam2 Strength[dB] -1.804407E+01 Beam3 Strength[dB] -1.728341E+01 Beam4 Strength[dB] -1.596283E+01 Beam1 Stdev[cm/s] 3.312312E+01 Beam2 Stdev[cm/s] 3.349214E+01 Beam3 Stdev[cm/s] 3.509919E+01 Beam4 Stdev[cm/s] 3.664342E+01 Cross Difference[cm/s] 1.967924E+00 Cell Index 1021 Cell State1 192 Cell State2 0 Horizontal Speed[cm/s] 2.295040E+01 Direction[Deg.M] 1.471286E+01 Vertical Speed[cm/s] 1.504254E+00 SP Stdev Horizontal[cm/s] 3.474863E+01 Strength[dB] -1.821983E+01 Beam1 Speed[cm/s] 5.279588E+00 Beam2 Speed[cm/s] -7.677049E+00 Beam3 Speed[cm/s] -2.854354E+00 Beam4 Speed[cm/s] 1.104136E+01 Beam1 Strength[dB] -1.843744E+01 Beam2 Strength[dB] -1.902195E+01 Beam3 Strength[dB] -1.822203E+01 Beam4 Strength[dB] -1.719790E+01 Beam1 Stdev[cm/s] 3.516026E+01 Beam2 Stdev[cm/s] 3.393490E+01 Beam3 Stdev[cm/s] 3.345996E+01 Beam4 Stdev[cm/s] 3.740903E+01 Cross Difference[cm/s] -9.390730E-01 Cell Index 1022 Cell State1 192 Cell State2 0 Horizontal Speed[cm/s] 2.408680E+01 Direction[Deg.M] 8.172360E-01 Vertical Speed[cm/s] 4.133235E-01 SP Stdev Horizontal[cm/s] 3.376063E+01 Strength[dB] -1.915118E+01 Beam1 Speed[cm/s] 7.199271E+00 Beam2 Speed[cm/s] -7.972964E+00 Beam3 Speed[cm/s] -6.126448E+00 Beam4 Speed[cm/s] 9.878146E+00 Beam1 Strength[dB] -1.960473E+01 Beam2 Strength[dB] -1.986170E+01 Beam3 Strength[dB] -1.915359E+01 Beam4 Strength[dB] -1.798470E+01 Beam1 Stdev[cm/s] 3.370171E+01 Beam2 Stdev[cm/s] 3.369211E+01 Beam3 Stdev[cm/s] 3.647512E+01 Beam4 Stdev[cm/s] 3.862066E+01 Cross Difference[cm/s] -8.323591E-01 Cell Index 1023 Cell State1 192 Cell State2 0 Horizontal Speed[cm/s] 2.379240E+01 Direction[Deg.M] 1.464288E+01 Vertical Speed[cm/s] 1.507970E+00 SP Stdev Horizontal[cm/s] 3.410902E+01 Strength[dB] -1.985773E+01 Beam1 Speed[cm/s] 5.781175E+00 Beam2 Speed[cm/s] -8.673399E+00 Beam3 Speed[cm/s] -2.710590E+00 Beam4 Speed[cm/s] 1.088455E+01 Beam1 Strength[dB] -2.051942E+01 Beam2 Strength[dB] -2.072591E+01 Beam3 Strength[dB] -1.971051E+01 Beam4 Strength[dB] -1.847508E+01 Beam1 Stdev[cm/s] 3.680510E+01 Beam2 Stdev[cm/s] 3.274215E+01 Beam3 Stdev[cm/s] 3.689318E+01 Beam4 Stdev[cm/s] 3.586016E+01 Cross Difference[cm/s] 8.594375E-01 Cell Index 1024 Cell State1 192 Cell State2 0 Horizontal Speed[cm/s] 2.507913E+01 Direction[Deg.M] 1.162701E+01 Vertical Speed[cm/s] 9.417239E-01 SP Stdev Horizontal[cm/s] 3.283363E+01 Strength[dB] -2.034396E+01 Beam1 Speed[cm/s] 6.771799E+00 Beam2 Speed[cm/s] -9.408527E+00 Beam3 Speed[cm/s] -3.292018E+00 Beam4 Speed[cm/s] 9.459436E+00 Beam1 Strength[dB] -2.063475E+01 Beam2 Strength[dB] -2.143548E+01 Beam3 Strength[dB] -2.003731E+01 Beam4 Strength[dB] -1.926831E+01 Beam1 Stdev[cm/s] 3.447889E+01 Beam2 Stdev[cm/s] 3.125191E+01 Beam3 Stdev[cm/s] 3.537263E+01 Beam4 Stdev[cm/s] 3.594717E+01 Cross Difference[cm/s] 3.428871E+00 Cell Index 1025 Cell State1 192 Cell State2 0 Horizontal Speed[cm/s] 2.545189E+01 Direction[Deg.M] 7.891371E+00 Vertical Speed[cm/s] 1.887063E+00 SP Stdev Horizontal[cm/s] 3.518871E+01 Strength[dB] -2.110854E+01 Beam1 Speed[cm/s] 8.623282E+00 Beam2 Speed[cm/s] -8.541638E+00 Beam3 Speed[cm/s] -3.525194E+00 Beam4 Speed[cm/s] 1.023391E+01 Beam1 Strength[dB] -2.165568E+01 Beam2 Strength[dB] -2.199657E+01 Beam3 Strength[dB] -2.065582E+01 Beam4 Strength[dB] -2.012609E+01 Beam1 Stdev[cm/s] 3.573098E+01 Beam2 Stdev[cm/s] 3.268921E+01 Beam3 Stdev[cm/s] 3.678767E+01 Beam4 Stdev[cm/s] 3.557651E+01 Cross Difference[cm/s] 3.405815E+00 Cell Index 1026 Cell State1 192 Cell State2 0 Horizontal Speed[cm/s]2.588706E+01 Direction[Deg.M] 1.882916E+00 Vertical Speed[cm/s] 9.400828E-01 SP Stdev Horizontal[cm/s] 3.594065E+01 Strength[dB] -2.184581E+01 Beam1 Speed[cm/s] 8.515235E+00 Beam2 Speed[cm/s] -9.296914E+00 Beam3 Speed[cm/s] -6.486420E+00 Beam4 Speed[cm/s] 1.088498E+01 Beam1 Strength[dB] -2.263280E+01 Beam2 Strength[dB] -2.261905E+01 Beam3 Strength[dB] -2.147105E+01 Beam4 Strength[dB] -2.066032E+01 Beam1 Stdev[cm/s] 3.502177E+01 Beam2 Stdev[cm/s] 3.168265E+01 Beam3 Stdev[cm/s] 3.761721E+01 Beam4 Stdev[cm/s] 3.552631E+01 Cross Difference[cm/s] 4.407509E-01 Cell Index 1027 Cell State1 192 Cell State2 0 Horizontal Speed[cm/s] 2.311833E+01 Direction[Deg.M] 3.645641E+00 Vertical Speed[cm/s] 1.134895E+00 SP Stdev Horizontal[cm/s] 3.673978E+01 Strength[dB] -2.263818E+01 Beam1 Speed[cm/s] 8.706156E+00 Beam2 Speed[cm/s] -7.949140E+00 Beam3 Speed[cm/s] -5.195912E+00 Beam4 Speed[cm/s] 9.738297E+00 Beam1 Strength[dB] -2.331197E+01 Beam2 Strength[dB] -2.351725E+01 Beam3 Strength[dB] -2.224076E+01 Beam4 Strength[dB] -2.148273E+01 Beam1 Stdev[cm/s] 3.726701E+01 Beam2 Stdev[cm/s] 3.220610E+01 Beam3 Stdev[cm/s] 3.582793E+01 Beam4 Stdev[cm/s] 3.708026E+01 Cross Difference[cm/s] 1.721086E+00 Cell Index 1028 Cell State1 192 Cell State2 0 Horizontal Speed[cm/s] 2.651798E+01 Direction[Deg.M] 1.997058E+00 Vertical Speed[cm/s] 4.536050E-01 SP Stdev Horizontal[cm/s] 3.601394E+01 Strength[dB] -2.336629E+01 Beam1 Speed[cm/s] 7.091059E+00 Beam2 Speed[cm/s] -8.795016E+00 Beam3 Speed[cm/s] -5.790193E+00 Beam4 Speed[cm/s] 9.699369E+00 Beam1 Strength[dB] -2.373476E+01 Beam2 Strength[dB] -2.469750E+01 Beam3 Strength[dB] -2.287943E+01 Beam4 Strength[dB] -2.215345E+01 Beam1 Stdev[cm/s] 3.543544E+01 Beam2 Stdev[cm/s] 3.384349E+01 Beam3 Stdev[cm/s] 3.523495E+01 Beam4 Stdev[cm/s] 3.649710E+01 Cross Difference[cm/s] 3.965143E-01 Cell Index 1029 Cell State1 192 Cell State2 0 Horizontal Speed[cm/s] 2.506141E+01 Direction[Deg.M] 5.849442E+00 Vertical Speed[cm/s] 2.418798E+00 SP Stdev Horizontal[cm/s] 3.669557E+01 Strength[dB] -2.407358E+01 Beam1 Speed[cm/s] 8.673625E+00 Beam2 Speed[cm/s] -8.509969E+00 Beam3 Speed[cm/s] -2.877654E+00 Beam4 Speed[cm/s] 1.040067E+01 Beam1 Strength[dB] -2.430173E+01 Beam2 Strength[dB] -2.537711E+01 Beam3 Strength[dB] -2.352694E+01 Beam4 Strength[dB] -2.308855E+01 Beam1 Stdev[cm/s] 3.699484E+01 Beam2 Stdev[cm/s] 3.364127E+01 Beam3 Stdev[cm/s] 3.601353E+01 Beam4 Stdev[cm/s] 3.631073E+01 Cross Difference[cm/s] 3.905274E+00 MEASUREMENT 5400 278 Heading[Deg.M]  … MEASUREMENT 5400 … MEASUREMENT 5400 … MEASUREMENT 5400 … *** Processed data: Deviation 0.00 degce[cm/s] -1.238499E-01 Cell   0  Speed 0.1778 Dir 45.4132   East 0.1266   North 0.1248   … Cell  29  Speed 0.1645 Dir 53.2154   East 0.1318   North 0.0985   Sensorlog closed 25.07.2021 09:55:36 GPS: 25.07.2021 09:55:32 70.41852 20.86339

Related publications

For a recent discussion on measuring ocean currents from sailbuoys compared to other platforms, see Wullenweber et al., 2022.

See also Swart et al.,2020; Camus et al., 2021 for further discussion on near-surface data collection with sailbuoys and other autonomous vehicles.

References

Camus L, Andrade H, Aniceto AS, Aune M, Bandara K, Basedow SL, Christensen KH, Cook J, Daase M, Dunlop K, Falk-Petersen S, Fietzek P, Fonnes G, Ghaffari P, Gramvik G, Graves I, Hayes D, Langeland T, Lura H, Kristiansen T, Nøst OA, Peddie D, Pederick J, Pedersen G, Sperrevik AK, Sørensen K, Tassara L, Tjøstheim S, Tverberg V, Dahle S (2021). Autonomous Surface and Underwater Vehicles as Effective Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Platforms in the Arctic—The Glider Project. Sensors 21(20):6752. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206752

Daase M (ed.). (2021). ARCTOS Barents Sea Polar Front May 2021 Cruise Report (1.1.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7384076

Edholm J. (2022). Sailbuoy DCPS. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6798056

Swart S, du Plessis MD, Thompson AF, Biddle LC, Giddy I, Linders T, Mohrmann M, Nicholson S (2020). Submesoscale fronts in the Antarctic marginal ice zone and their response to wind forcing. Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2019GL086649. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086649

Wullenweber N, Hole LR, Ghaffari P, Graves I, Tholo H, Camus L (2022). SailBuoy Ocean Currents: Low-Cost Upper-Layer Ocean Current Measurements. Sensors. 22(15):5553. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155553