Anarthruridae Lang, 1971 sensu Larsen & Wilson 2002
Creators
Description
Anarthruridae Lang, 1971 sensu Larsen & Wilson, 2002
Family Anarthruridae: Lang, 1971: 366 –367.
Family Anarthruridae: Sieg, 1978: 119 –121 (erection of Subfamily Anarthrurinae).
Family Anarthruridae: Holdich & Jones, 1983a: 88.
Family Anarthruridae (sensu Lang): Sieg, 1986b: 140
Family Anarthruridae: Sieg, 1986a: 17 (in part, includes families Agathotanaidae Lang, and Leptognathiidae Sieg (in part)).
Subfamily Anarthrurinae: Sieg, 1986a: 58–60 (in part, as Tribe Anarthrurini: 21,60).
Subfamily Anarthrurinae: Larsen & Wilson, 1998: 360, table 1.
Subfamily Anarthrurinae: Gutu & Sieg, 1999: 384.
Family Anarthruridae (restricted): Larsen & Wilson, 2002: 12.
Diagnosis (after Larsen & Wilson 2002). Female and preparatory male: medium body calcification. No plates in carapace; eyes absent. Pereonite 1 not reduced. Pleon with five free pleonites or all pleonites and telson fused, as wide as pereon. No articulated setae on pleonites. Antennule with four articles, antenna with six, article3 without dorsal spiniform setae. Mandible molar process reduced or absent. Labrum with two lobes, median spiniform seta absent. Maxilliped bases partly fused; endites unfused, conical or subrectangular. Cheliped attachment through ventral pseudocoxa. Marsupium of four pairs of oostegites (female). Pereopods 1–3 with coxa; simple setae only on merus carpus and propodus. Pereopods 4–6 lack coxa; spiniform setae present. Pleopods present or absent. Uropod exopod fused to basal article; endopod with one or two articles. Male: with extensive sexual dimorphism, mouthparts reduced, pleopods longer.
Remarks. The family Anarthruridae has been twice redefined and expanded by Sieg (1983c, 1986a); in the latter, the genera belonging to the original family were placed in the subfamily Anarthrurinae, split into the tribes Anarthrurini and Agathotanaini. A more recent phylogenetic analysis (Larsen & Wilson 2002), using exemplar species, reestablished the family and this is accepted here as the most valid classification. In this incarnation, the name has more or less reverted to its original meaning; the anarthrurid genera comprise Anarthrura and Allodaposia, possibly with Anarthruropsis, and Siphonolabrum. However, it is my opinion that Allodaposia is a Paranarthrura like agathotanaid and that the description was based on a juvenile male (with rudimentary pleopods) rather than a female. Hansen’s (1913) Leptognathia ‘group d’ species, i.e. L. latiremis, L. glacialis and L. profunda should also be placed here, as postulated by Lang (1971). The changes in classification and generic attribution within the Anarthruridae are summarised in Table 2.
Lang Sieg Sieg Larsen & Wilson Present
(1971) (1983) (1986) (2002) paper
Anarthrura G.O. Sars S.F. Anarthrurinae S.F. Anarthrurinae Allodaposia Anarthrura S.F. Akanthophoreinae Sieg
S.F. Leptognathiinae Sieg A narrow pleon is not a character of the group and this has led to anomalous and mistaken phylogenetic affinities to being drawn in the past. While that of A. simplex appears fused, it is dorsoventrally compressed and is actually as wide as the pereon. A narrow cylindrical pleon, lacking pleopods in females, is characteristic of agathotanaids but also occurs as a probable homoplasy in other genera such as Arthrura KudinovaPasternak, 1966 (= Libanius Lang, 1971). Similarly, fused uropod exopods are not diagnostic of anarthrurids and also occur, usually with a different appearance, in agathotanaids and tanaellids such as Araphura Bird & Holdich, 1984 and Arthrura.
Two groups of anarthrurids can be distinguished by labrum shape: one with a laterally compressed labrum (see Figs. 15 F–G), as in Siphonolabrum and Anarthruropsis, and the other with a ‘normal’ conical form (see Figs. 1 E–F), as in Anarthrura. A second, overlapping, group has a prominent fold on the outer surface of the cheliped propodus. Other characters with potential for use in phylogenetic analyses include: the number of long setae on maxilliped palp article3 (three or four), the number of maxillule endite spiniform setae (four to eight), the presence or absence of mandibular molar processes, the incisor process crenulate or simple, broad or narrow (as in Siphonolabrum mirabile Lang, 1972, S. californiensis Dojiri & Sieg, 1997 and S. fastigiatum Sieg 1986 b), the presence or absence of ridges or folds on the chela, the number of setae of ventral margin of cheliped fixed finger (one or two), the presence or absence of complex spiniform setae on distal articles of pereopods 4–6, the number of said setae on carpus (three or four), the number of setae on each maxilliped endite (one or two), the presence or absence of setose margin of said endites, the distribution of setae on pleopods, and the number of terminal setae on uropod endopods.
Practical difficulties exist in determining some of these characters, especially in small species and when mouthparts such as mandibles are markedly reduced or weak; the last is the prevalent condition in anarthrurids. Equally, some of the existing descriptions of Anarthruropis and Siphonolabrum species are inadequate for revisionary work (i.e. A. longus KudinovaPasternak, 1984, A. langi KudinovaPasternak, 1976, A. similis KudinovaPasternak, 1990 and S. langi KudinovaPasternak, 1981).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Anarthruridae
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Tanaidacea
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Scientific name authorship
- Lang, 1971 sensu Larsen & Wilson
- Taxon rank
- family
- Taxonomic concept label
- Anarthruridae Lang, 2002 sec. Bird, 2004
References
- Lang, K. (1971) Taxonomische und phylogenetische Untersuchungen uber die Tanaidaceen. 6. Revision der Gattung Paranarthrura Hansen, 1913, und Aufstellung von zwei neuen Familien, vier neuen Gattungen und zwei neuen Arten. Arkiv for Zoologi, 23 (5), 361 - 401.
- Larsen, K. & Wilson, G. D. F. (2002) Tanaidacean phylogeny, the first step: the Superfamily Paratanoidea. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 40, 1 - 19.
- Sieg, J. (1978) Aufteilung der Anarthruridae Lang in zwei Unterfamilien sowie Neubeschreibung von Tanais willemoesi Studer als Typus-art der Gattung Langitanais Sieg (Tanaidacea). Crustacean, 35 (2), 119 - 133.
- Holdich, D. M. & Jones, J. A. (1983 a) British Tanaids, Synopses of the British Fauna No. 27. Linnean Society, London, and Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 95 pp.
- Sieg, J. (1986 b) Crustacea Tanaidacea of the Antarctic and the Subantarctic. I. On material collected at Tierra del Fuego, Isla de los Estados, and the West Coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctic Research Series Vol. 45, Biology of the Antarctic Seas XVIII, 180 pp.
- Sieg, J. (1986 a) Tanaidacea (Crustacea) von der Antarktis und Subantarktis. II. Tanaidacea gesammelt von Dr. J. W. Wagele wahrend der deutschen Antarktis Expedition, 1983. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum der Universitat Kiel, II (4), 1 - 80.
- Larsen, K. & Wilson, G. D. F. (1998) Tanaidomorphan systematics - is it obsolete? Journal of Crustacean Biology, 18 (2), 346 - 362.
- Gutu, M. & Sieg, J. (1999) Ordres des Tanaidaces. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco, 19, 353 - 389.
- Sieg, J. (1983 c) Aufteilung der Anarthruridae Lang in zwei Unterfamilien sowie Neubeschreibung von Tanais willemoesi Studer als Typus-Art der Gattung Langitanais Sieg (Tanaidacea). Crustaceana, 35, 19 - 133.
- Kudinova-Pasternak, R. K. (1966) On a new abyssal tanaidacean from the Pacific, Arthrura andriashevi n. gen., n. sp. Crustaceana, 12, 257 - 260.
- Bird, G. J. & Holdich, D. M. (1984) New deep-sea leptognathiid tanaids (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) from the North-east Atlantic. Zoologica Scripta, 13 (4), 285 - 315.
- Lang, K. (1972) Siphonolabrum mirabile n. gen., n. sp. (Tanaidacea). Crustaceana, Supplement, 3, 214 - 220.
- Dojiri, M. & Sieg, J. (1997) The Tanaidacea. In: Blake, J. A. & Scott, P. H. (Ed) Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel Volume 11 - The Crustacea Part 2. The Isopoda, Cumacea and Tanaidacea. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, pp. 181 - 268.
- Kudinova-Pasternak, R. K. (1984) The Tanaidacea (Crustacea, Malacostraca) of the Sea of Japan. Zoological Zhurnal, 63 (6), 828 - 838 [in Russian].
- Kudinova-Pasternak, R. K. (1976) Additional notes on the fauna of Tanaidacea (Crustacea, Malacostraca) of the deep water trenches, Trudy Instituta Okeanologii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 99, 115 - 125 [in Russian].
- Kudinova-Pasternak, R. K. (1990) Tanaidacea (Crustacea, Malacostraca) of the south-eastern part of Atlantic Ocean and the region to the north off Mordinov (Elephant) Island, Trudy Instituta Okeanologii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 126, 90 - 107 [in Russian].
- Kudinova-Pasternak, R. K. (1981) Tanaidacea. In: Miranov, A. V. (Ed) Benthos of the submarine mountains Marcus-Vecker and adjacent Pacific regions. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, 94 - 112.