Antarctoscyphus spiralis Hickson & Gravely 1907

Antarctoscyphus spiralis (Hickson & Gravely, 1907)

Sertularella spiralis Hickson & Gravely, 1907: 19, pl. 3 figs 19–20; Totton, 1930: 197 –199, fig. 44b–d, pl. 1 fig. 7, pl. 3 fig. 5. Antarctoscyphus spiralis —Peña Cantero et al., 1999: 1759–1760, fig. 2G–H (synonymy); Peña Cantero & Gili, 2006: 767; Peña Cantero 2006: 939, fig. 3K; 2008: 459; 2010b: 768–769; 2012: 858; 2013: 130; Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2009: 87; Galea & Schories, 2012: 9 –10, fig. 2N–P; Soto Àngel & Peña Cantero 2015: 993, fig. 6a–b.

Material examined. Stn 14, five fragmented stems up to 30 mm long (MNCN 2.03/628); Stn 25, two stems up to 80 mm high, with gonothecae (NIWA 117566); Stn 53, distal stem fragment 6 mm long (NIWA 117567); Stn 108, two stems, 30 and 8 mm high, on gravel, stem fragment 30 mm long, basibiont of Hebella plana (MNCN 2.03/ 629); Stn 112, several stems (few incipient ones on pebbles) and fragments up to 120 mm long, with gonothecae (NIWA 117568); Stn 125, stem fragment 6 mm long (NIWA 117569); Stn 126, stem 15 mm high (MNCN 2.03/ 630); Stn 129, fragment 6 mm long (NIWA 117570); Stn 130, incipient stem 3 mm high on Staurotheca densa (MNCN 2.03/631).

Ecology and distribution. Reviewed by Peña Cantero (2006). Eurybathic species recorded at depths from 6 (Naumov & Stepanjants 1972) to 1958 m (Peña Cantero 2012); present material between 110 and 451 m, epilithic on gravel and pebbles and epibiotic on Staurotheca densa, basibiont of Hebella plana, and with gonothecae in February.

Circum-Antarctic distribution (Stepanjants 1979). Recently reported from off Bouvet Island (Peña Cantero & Gili 2006), Livingston Island (Peña Cantero 2006), and Deception, Livingston and Trinity islands (Peña Cantero 2008), off Low Island (Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2009; Peña Cantero 2013), Peter I Island (Peña Cantero 2010b), King George Island (Galea & Schories 2012), Elephant Island (Soto Àngel & Peña Cantero 2015) and from the Bellingshausen Sea (Peña Cantero 2012), all in West Antarctica. See Peña Cantero et al. (1999) for previous records. In the Ross Sea, already known from McMurdo (Hickson & Gravely 1907; Totton 1930), and off Cape Adare (Totton 1930). Present material off Cape Adare, Possession Islands and Cape Hallett.