Anomalies in Extreme Fire Weather Days by Continent, Biome, Country, and Administrative Region

This dataset supports the State of Wildfires 2024-25 report under review at Earth System Science Data (Kelley et al., under review). It is an update of the State of Wildfires 2023-24 report (Jones et al. 2024). The dataset provides annual values and final-year anomalies for extreme fire weather days (FWI95d), computed per region over a March–February global fire season (e.g., March 2023–February 2024), which aligns with the annual lull in the global fire calendar (see Jones et al. 2024). Daily FWI inputs are sourced from the Copernicus Climate Service ERA5 reanalysis (Vitolo et al. 2020). Complete methodology is described by Kelley et al. (under review).

Citation
Work utilizing these regional FWI summaries should cite both Kelley et al. (2025) and the primary reference for the fire weather metric as follows:

Vitolo, C., Di Giuseppe, F., Barnard, C., Coughlan, R., San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., Libertá, G., & Krzeminski, B. (2020). ERA5-based global meteorological wildfire danger maps. Scientific data, 7(1), 216.

Input data
Daily FWI available at https://ewds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/cems-fire-historical-v1

Regional Analysis
We performed "cookie-cutting" (spatial and temporal masking) of the above input data sets to features in each of the regional layers descriped in Kelley et al. (2025).