Figure 3 in A new Norwegian Lemming subspecies from Novaya Zemlya, Arctic Russia

Figure 3. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Lemmus taxa. (A) Fossil-calibrated ultrametric chronogram of Lemmus obtained with BEAST v. 1.10.4 for the cytb haplotype data set. Bars indicate 95% confidence intervals of the estimated divergence times (Ka). Red and black numbers near nodes are mean ages (Ka) and BPP of BEAST, respectively. Red stars indicate time calibrations: a stem lineage of the Lemmus clade with absolute age estimate 2,600 Ka and 95% soft upper bound 5,200 Ka (C1); and Lemmus sp. 'Yakutia Mummy' with absolute age estimate 40 Ka (C2). Outgroup taxa (Dicrostonyx torquatus, D. hudsonius, Synaptomys cooperi, and Myopus schisticolor) are not shown. (B) Medianjoining haplotype network of Novaya Zemlya, Norwegian, and Siberian lemmings based on the cytb sequences (N = 17). Circle size is proportional to the number of available sequences belonging to a certain haplotype (smallest circle = one sequence). Small black dots indicate hypothetical ancestral haplotypes. Red numbers near branches indicate the number of nucleotide substitutions between haplotypes.