Future wave climate in the Mediterranean Sea and associated uncertainty from an ensemble of 31 GCM-RCM wave simulations

The data provided is used in a study aimed at assessing future changes in the Mediterranean wave climate. A total of 31 GCM-RCM simulations were used to characterize the wave climate during the historical (1979-2005), mid-century (2034-2060), and end-century (2074-2100) periods. Changes in seasonal significant wave height (Hs) and peak period (Tp) wave parameters are evaluated for both the mean and intense (quantile 0.95) wave climate, along with the shift in wave direction (wave peak dominant direction, θp) for sea states characterized as intense. The robustness of the climate change signal is evaluated following the guidelines outlined in the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Additionally, using a wave hindcast as a reference, the changes in future extreme events are assessed by fitting a GEV to a unique and coherent set of bias-corrected annual maxima from each model.

We provide data used to obtain the results of our study, comprising: 1) wave climate statistics for Hs, Tp, and θp for each model and each period studied; 2) two sets of annual maxima distribution for each model, which were bias-corrected assuming that the set of extreme events follows either a Gumbel distribution or a GEV distribution. For more details on the methods to obtain these files describing wave climate statistical as used in the study, please refer to Toomey et al., 2024: "Future wave climate in the Mediterranean Sea and associated uncertainty from an ensemble of GCM-RCM wave simulations."