REACT4MED aims to enhance Sustainable Land and Water Management to support increased agropastoral productivity, accelerate technological innovation and dissemination, reverse land degradation, and improve the livelihoods of Mediterranean communities. To achieve this, REACT4MED follows two conceptual directions: A top-down approach introduces broad-scale concepts and methods that highlight good, cost-effective practices against land, water, and agro-ecosystem degradation as well as physical vulnerabilities, while a bottom-up, multi-actor approach is used to overcome obstacles, and to support their substantial out-scaling.