The dynamics of greenhouse emissions in the Arctic are strongly influenced by global change. For a understanding of the interactions, cross-compartment monitoring approaches will be tested, evaluated and applied within the framework of the Helmholtz cross-centre research infrastructure MOSES. Polar MOSES aims to improve understanding of  thaw-driven landscape dynamics and impacts on biogeochemical cycling in permafrost regions and the assessment of permafrost vulnerability to thaw in current and future environments. This will involve observation and projection of thaw-driven dynamics from field measurements and observatories, including the mobile infrastructure of MOSES, remote sensing, and modelling. Within Polar MOSES, mobile OP-FTIR systems are used for the qualitative characterisation of the spatial heterogeneity of greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, geophysical methods such as electromagnetic induction measurements will be used to investigate near-surface structures and processes that influence the dynamics of emissions, and a long-term installation of a CRNS (Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing) monitoring system will contribute to the evaluation and validation of and validation of satellite-based soil moisture measurements. Therefore, Polar MOSES will signify­cantly contribute to the further development of monitoring approaches applicable under arctic conditions.