CARBON SEQUESTRATION

Carbon sequestration is vital for mitigating climate change by reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels. The Earth's climate is rapidly changing due to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, necessitating urgent action to offset GHG releases. Soil carbon sequestration is a promising approach, with degraded and agricultural soils having significant potential to reduce CO₂ levels. Soils globally can retain twice as much carbon as the atmosphere and vegetation combined, influenced by climate and edaphic factors. Agricultural practices, such as land-use changes and residue management, impact soil carbon stocks and quality, enhancing food security and sustainable agriculture. Developing carbon sequestration technologies is crucial, including abiotic techniques like CO₂ injection into oceans, geological strata, mineral carbonation, and biotic techniques that provide cost-effective and immediate solutions. Both options are complementary and can mitigate climate change risks. Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion, have raised atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, causing global warming and adverse impacts. Effective strategies are needed to reduce emissions and remove CO₂ from the atmosphere. This chapter comprehensively explores carbon sequestration, encompassing its definition, mechanisms, advantages, and limitations, emphasizing its significance in combating climate change and providing a comprehensive understanding of its potential.