Management Approaches in Corneal Keratoconus

Corneal Keratoconus is a disease
characterised by gradual thinning of central and
peripheral stroma resulting in protrusion and reduced
visual activity. The aetiology of keratoconus is an
underlying genetic predisposition coupled with
environmental factors, including eye rubbing and atopy.
Spectacles, contact lens and Intrastromal Corneal Ring
Segments (ICRS) remain fundamental to optic
management of keratoconus. These contact lens and
ICRS do not treat underlying disease process.
Keratoplasty – Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK), deep
anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) treatment of
choice for advance form of keratoconus. Therefore,
current approach is corneal collagen cross-linking
(CXL). CXL aims at stiffing the cornea using a
combination of UV-A light and chromophore (Vit-B12,
riboflavin) and proposed in various indications, from
progressive ecstatic disease to corneal infection.