Examining the Greek Energy-Land-Water Nexus using the CLEWs framework

This work aims to examine the impact of climate change mitigation policies on the Energy, Land, and Water nexus of Greece. This is achieved by setting a baseline scenario, as well as three additional scenarios. The first one assumes that the electricity generation sector becomes emissions-free by 2050 and the other two (based on the latter one) investigate how the transport sector can support the transition to a climate-neutral society by 2050. The first transport scenario examines if the full penetration of EVs by 2050 is feasible, whereas the other one examines if it is feasible to achieve significant penetration of vehicles that use the E85 biofuel. The carbon-free electricity scenario is feasible, as well as the full EV penetration scenario, requiring though, the installation of 15GW of additional RES power plants. On the other hand, the E85 biofuel scenario is not feasible if we aim to cover all biofuel demand with domestically produced biofuel crops since the available land for agriculture in Greece is not sufficient for the cultivation of such a significant amount of crops.