Exploring the Moderating Effects of Foreign Direct Investment and Energy Degradation on Carbon Emissions in the BRICS Countries: An Empirical Analysis

This study aims to investigate the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), energy usage, and carbon emissions in the BRICS countries. The research has hypothesized that there is a positive relationship between FDI and carbon emissions, as well as between energy usage and carbon emissions. Additionally, the research has also hypothesized that FDI moderates the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth, while energy usage moderates the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth. The data has been collected using online databases readily available within the required period of time. The dependent variable in this research was carbon emission while the independent variables were FDI and energy usage. Nevertheless, some other variables, such as GDP and population, were also factored in the analysis to increase the effectiveness of the study. The research has employed quantitative data analysis method to analyze the research hypothesis. Using correlation and multiple regression analysis, it was found that both FDI and energy usage have a positive relationship with carbon emissions. However, there was not enough evidence to suggest that FDI and energy usage significantly moderate the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in the BRICS countries. These findings have important implications for policymakers as we as future researchers in the BRICS countries who seek to balance economic growth with sustainable development.