Addressing FinTech Regulatory Gap Through Regulatory Co-Opetition Theory: A Meta-Analysis Study

Studies that have provided a comprehensive
review of financial technology (fintech) regulation are
minuscule. Aiming to fill this gap in the literature, this
study builds up a strong theory as a foundation for
intervening in fintech, both as a financial market
disruptive phenomenon and a regulatory challenge. This
meta-analysis study investigated select countries' current
fintech regulatory strategies, establishing two major
regulatory patterns: regulatory sandboxes/ innovation
hubs on one hand and piecemeal approaches for those
with no new fintech regulation, relying on existing
traditional bank regulations on the other hand. Post
analysis result shows the existing regulations are
increasingly inadequate in achieving the expected goal of
properly regulating a disruptive innovation. As a result,
this study takes a look at technology-driven collaborative

regulation, in the context of the theory of regulatory co-
opetition as a possible approach to mitigating the fintech

regulatory gap; thereby, opening further debates among
the academia, regulators, industry audience and
policymakers to significantly understand collaborative
regulation as ideal for fintech regulation.