Dynamics of Passo della Morte landslide during consecutive extreme meteo-climatic events

The large (24 × 10⁶ m³) block slide of Passo della Morte affects the "Carnica" national road 52 and the eastern entrance of a 2 km road tunnel called San Lorenzo. The area is located in the eastern part of the Italian Alps, near Forni di Sotto and Ampezzo, in the province of Udine, on the left bank of the Tagliamento river valley. A landslide monitoring system has been deployed in the area since 2002; it consists of several different sensors, such as quasi-real-time piezometers, inclinometers, In-Place Inclinometers (IPI), GNSS surveys, a rain gauge and temperature probes. In addition, since 2014, some crack meters and clinometers have been to monitor crack displacements in the road tunnel. The system's primary goal is to monitor the behaviour of the damaged sections of the tunnel during the increments of landslide activity.