A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF PULMONARY AND EXTRA PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes TB, is an infectious disease that affects the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis) and other organs (extra pulmonary tuberculosis). Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the risk factor and the treatment of tuberculosis. Aim: Studying the risk factors and treatment options for tuberculosis is the goal. Objectives: Finding out the risk factors for pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis, identifying the many types of extra pulmonary tuberculosis, and researching the various treatment options for pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis are among the objectives of this study. Materials and methods: Over the course of six months, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the district tuberculosis centre, Nagapattinam. Result: In our study, 178 (69.53%) were male and 78 (30.47%) were female. Males outnumber females in percentage terms. Pulmonary tuberculosis affects more people on a gender-based tuberculosis distribution scale. 62.11% of patients with 217 instances of pulmonary tuberculosis were men. In our research on extrapulmonary tuberculosis, lymph nodes were shown to be the most frequent location of infection in 17 (43.5%) of the patients, followed by the pleura in 7 (17.94%), and the abdomen in 6 (15.38%). When addressing risk factors, tobacco use was a risk factor in the diagnosis of 5 (1.95%) patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis and 44 (17.18%) patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Patient, along with diabetes mellitus (DM), was also a risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis 43 (16.79%) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis 5 (1.95%). Conclusion: Patients with PTB and EPTB were more likely to have risk factors such DM and tobacco use. Avoiding tobacco use and managing diabetes properly can boost our immune systems and lower our risk of contracting PTB and EPTB.