Hydrophis schistosus
Authors/Creators
Description
Hydrophis schistosus (Daudin, 1803) — Native; Indeterminate.
Hydrophis schistosus Daudin, 1803f: 386–387. Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.10.7 (formerly RCSM & BMNH 1921.7.28.1), by original designation. Type locality: “Bengale” (= Bangladesh and India); later restricted to “Tranquebar” (= Tharangambadi), India, by Smith (1926: 39).
Beaked Sea Snake
(Figures 22F & 22G)
Singapore records.
Hydrus schistosus — Cantor, 1847c: 1057.
Enhydrina velakadien — Flower, 1899: 688.
Enhydrina valakadyn —Stejneger, 1907: 438.— de Rooij, 1917: 221.—Sworder, 1923: 70.
Enhydrina valakadien — Boulenger, 1912: 194.
Enhydrina schistosa — de Haas, 1950: 590.— Horwood, 1968: 34.—Sharma, 1973: 237.— Gremli, 1988: 60.—F.L.K. Lim & M.T.-M. Lee, 1989: 115.—K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 54.—K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 1992: 148.—L.M. Chou et al., 1994: 105.— Cox et al., 1998: 35.— Iskandar & Colijn, 2001: 131.—K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 2002: 148.— Das, 2010: 318.— Das, 2012a: 93.— Wallach et al., 2014: 269.—Chan-ard et al., 2015: 313.— Das, 2018: 115.
“ Enhydrina ” —P.K.L. Ng et al., 2011: 302.
Hydrophis (Enhydrina) schistosus — Leviton et al., 2018: 466.
Hydrophis schistosus — Charlton, 2020: 74.
Remarks. Voris and Jeffries collected the only specimen of H. schistosus from Singapore from a kelong at LCK on 28 July 1981 (Fig. 22F). This specimen was deposited at the Raffles Museum and is catalogued under ZRC.2.2047. Cantor (1847c) was the first to report H. schistosus from Singapore, and in his account of the species he stated that it was the most abundant sea snake in Singapore, as did Horwood (1968). Sharma (1973) and Gremli (1988c) also both declared that H. schistosus was common in Singapore, and Shelford (1916) recounted H. schistosus as one of the most common sea snakes in the South China Sea between Singapore and Sarawak, Malaysia, and Borneo. However, neither of these authors provided any evidence. Thus, it appears that H. schistosus may be common in the waters surrounding Singapore, but the Voris and Jeffries specimen is the only record from Singapore.
Occurrence. Known from one specimen from LCK in 1981. Rare.
Singapore conservation status. Not Evaluated.
Conservation priority. Highest.
IUCN conservation status. Least Concern [2018].
LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. Lim Chu Kang: ZRC.2.2047 (28-Jul-1981).
Additional Singapore museum specimens. No specimens.
Singapore localities. Lim Chu Kang.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- LCK , ZRC
- Event date
- 1981-07-28
- Verbatim event date
- 1981-07-28
- Scientific name authorship
- Daudin
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Order
- Squamata
- Family
- Elapidae
- Genus
- Hydrophis
- Species
- schistosus
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Hydrophis schistosus (Daudin, 1803) sec. Figueroa, Low & Lim, 2023
References
- Cantor, T. E. (1847 c) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 183), 1026 - 1078. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057
- Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37.
- de Rooij, N. (1917) The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. II. Ophidia. E. J. Brill, Leiden, xiv + 334 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10610
- Boulenger, G. A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore, Including the Adjacent Islands. Reptilia and Batrachia, Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10813
- de Haas, C. P. J. (1950) Checklist of the snakes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Reptiles, Ophidia). Treubia, 20 (3), 511 - 625.
- Horwood, F. K. (1968) Exotic xerophytes- 7: Three species of myrmecophilous plants from Singapore. The National Cactus and Succulent Journal, 23 (2), 34 - 38.
- Gremli, M. (1988) Reptile visitors to local coastal waters. The Pangolin, 1 (3), 60 - 62.
- Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.
- Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. & Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106.
- Cox, M. J., van Dijk, P. P., Nabhitabhata, J. & Thirakhupt, K. (1998) A Photographic Guide toSnakes and other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. New Holland Publishers, London, 144 pp.
- Iskandar, D. T. & Colijn, E. (2001) A Checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I. Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project (Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Japan International Cooperation Agency - The Ministry of Forestry). The Gibbon Foundation and Institute of Technology, Bandung, 195 pp.
- Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.
- Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp.
- Das, I. (2012 a) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp.
- Das, I. (2018) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of Southeast Asia. 2 nd Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 176 pp.
- Leviton, A. E., Siler, C. D., Weinell, J. L. & Brown, R. M. (2018) Synopsis of the snakes of the Philippines. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 64 (14), 399 - 568.
- Charlton, T. (2020) A Guide to Snakes of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, viii + 299 pp.