Forest Fire Detection

Forest fires are common hazards in forests that cause a lot of harm to wildlife as well as the environment. It could be avoided if a robust system could be deployed in forest areas to detect the fire and alert to fire extinguishing authority to take immediate action. In this project, the intention is to build a forest fire detection system using IoT which would detect the fire and send an emergency alert to authority through IoT. Here a GSM/GPRS module is used to communicate with IoT sever as usually in forest areas network bandwidth is very low or not available. Hence a 2G network is preferable to communicate with the server. SIM800L is a compact module that allows GPRS transmission, send/receive SMS, and making voice calls. SIM800L module has two antennas included on it. The first is for a ring antenna which can be soldered directly on the board and the other is meant for an external antenna. Arduino compares the signal and triggers the SIM800L in case of fire incidents. Through AT commands, SIM800L communicates with thingspeak server. SIM800L is connected to Arduino Nano via logic shifting resistors as SIM800L works on 3.3v logic. Separate power is given to SIM800L module because it works in 3.4-4.2V DC and 5V DC external supply is given to Arduino Nano. Alternatively, a 3.7-5 V Boost converter can be used here to avoid two power supplies. To test the prototype, first, the microsim needs to be inserted in the SIM800L slot . Then power ON the module and then we can see the LED blinking in the module. If the LED blinking is delayed as compared to the initial start, it means it got the network, and is ready to connect to the server.