An Update of Aneamia in Adults with Heart Failure

Anaemia in adults with heart failure occurs when there is a deficiency of erythrocytes or haemoglobin in the blood, which further lowers the already limited oxygen supply to the body's tissues in heart failure. Anaemia is typically caused by poor nutrition, chronic kidney disease, inflammation, and certain medications used to treat heart failure. Symptoms of anaemia in adults with heart failure can include fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath, increased heart rate, and chest pain. Treatment involves addressing underlying causes, improving nutrition, and in some cases, iron supplementation to increase red blood cell production. Close monitoring and coordination with healthcare providers is important to manage both heart failure and anaemia in adults, erythropoietin-stimulating agents has been considered alone or in combination with iron. Available and emerging new agents in the treatment of anaemia of heart failure will need to be tested in randomized, controlled studies.