Air Quality and Emission from livestock Production system: - A Review

Air quality defined as the degree of pollution of clean air. The lower the concentration of air borne pollutants, the better is the air quality. Odour, ammonia, nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulphide, methane, non-methane volatile organic carbon, dust, and microbial and endotoxin aerosols from livestock and poultry buildings have an impact on animal health. Animal production operations like manure handling, floor washing, feedlot surface and dung are the major contributor of air pollution in livestock farm. The rates of odour, manure gases, microbes, particulates, and other constituent’s generation vary with weather, time, species, and housing, as well as manure handling system, feed type, and management method. The emission factor is typically used to refer to emission expressed in terms of animal unit. Employing specific practices can reduce ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and odour emissions.  A number of practices are available but not all are suited for all operations. Careful consideration and selection will help ensure that you achieve the desired results and reduce the impact of harmful gases on animal, and worker.