MONEY RELATIONS OF THE UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION CENTER OF INTERWAR CZECHOSLOVAKIA (1918–1939)
Authors/Creators
- 1. V. Stus Donetsk National University, faculty of history and international relations
- 2. M. Kotsyubynskyi State Pedagogical University of Vinnytsia.
Description
The purpose of the article. Highlighting the spectrum of monetary relations in the Ukrainian emigration center of interwar Czechoslovachchyna through the prism of a share of the «gold reserve of the Ukrainian Peopleʼs Republic» that ended up on the territory of the interwar Czechoslovachchyna; the amount of monetary subsidies within the framework of the «Russian Aid Action» and the bank rates of such currencies as the Czechoslovak krona, Austrian krona, German «gold» mark and Reichsmark, Polish zloty, Soviet ruby and Soviet chervinec. The research methodology is based on the principles of concrete-historical, problem-chronological approaches, principles of objectivity and integrity. The scientific novelty consists in showing the official bank exchange rates of the main currencies of interwar Czechoslovachchyna against the American dollar, their acquisition of the gold standard; the predominance of certain currencies in the wallets of Ukrainians.
Conclusions. The «Czechoslovak share of the gold reserve of the Ukrainian Peopleʼs Republic» in the amount of 446000 German «gold» marks was divided into several parts. One part of the funds went to the development of the three most powerful emigrant higher education institutions: Ukrainian Free University (1921–1945), Ukrainian Academy of Economic Sciences (1922–1939) and the Drahomanov Ukrainian Higher Pedagogical Institute (1923–1933). The second part was directed to the publishing of various magazines, journals and bulletins. While the third was spent on the development and activities of such an organization as the «Union of Ukrainian Doctors in Interwar Czechoslovachchyna» (1922–1940). The «Golden Wiener Reserve» was, in fact, a powerful emigration strategic tool, while the monetary subsidies within the framework of the «Ruská pomocná akce» held a tactical line. «Ancillary finances» went to the payment of official salaries and scholarships, the creation of various aid funds with additional payments, public canteens, libraries, public professional associations, and a foreign archive. Emigration finances in the interwar Czechoslovachchyna are also included private funds earned by skilled and unskilled labor in Czechoslovak and Austrian crowns; in «golden» mark and Reichsmark; in Polish zlotys and Soviet karbovantsy-chervintsy.
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References
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