Corallianassa martensi (Miers, 1884)

(Figs 3–5, 9g, h)

Callianassa sp. — Haswell 1882: 167–168.

Callianassa martensi Miers, 1884: 13–15, pl. 1 fig. 1.— Sakai 1984: 99–101 (part), fig. 2 (figure of holotype).— Dworschak 1992: 200, fig. 8a–e.

Callianassa (Callichirus) winslowi Edmondson, 1944: 59–61, fig. 11 (type locality, Hawaii) syn. nov.

Callianassa winslowi.— Edmondson, 1946: 262, fig. 159i.

Callianassa (Callichirus) nakasonei Sakai, 1967: 46–47, fig. 3 (type locality, Tonaki I., Ryuku Is, Japan).

Callianassa haswelli Poore & Griffin, 1979: 263–266, figs 26, 27 (type locality: Australia, Qld, Whitsunday Group).

Callianassa martensi.— Sakai 1984: 99–101.

Callianassa nakasonei.—Sakai 1987: 306 (list).

Glypturus haswelli.— Sakai 1999: 82.—Davie 2002: 460.— Sakai 2005: 142.— Sakai 2011: 434–435.

Glypturus martensi.— Sakai 2011: 437–437.

Glypturus nakasonei.— Sakai 2011: 430 (as junior synonym of G. lanceolatus)

Neocallichirus winslowi.— Sakai 2011: 465.

Corallianassa martensi.— Dworschak 2014: 233, figs 2, 10c. — Komai et al. 2015: 40–51, figs 14–19, 20D–F. — Poore et al. 2019: 144.— Robles et al., 2020.

Corallianassa winslowi.— Komai et al. 2015: 15 ff.

Corallianassa haswelli.— Komai et al. 2015: 15, 50. — Poore et al. 2019: 144.— Robles et al. 2020.

Material examined. USA, Hawaii, Maui I., C. Winslow, 4 April 1860, USNM 63255 (holotype male, 17 mm; paratype female of Callianassa (Callichirus) winslowi Edmondson, 1944); Honolulu, Kaneohe Bay, S end Ahu’olaka I., 21.4588°N, 157.8019°W, FMNH invert team, 22 May 2017, 0–2 m, patch reef, UF 45445 (female, 9.7 mm). Tonga, Wataloa, Vava’u, intertidal sandflat, NMV J62121 (male, 15 mm). Papua New Guinea, Kavieng area, intertidal sandflat, MNHN-IU-2014-2070 (1 juvenile, 3.0 mm). French Polynesia, Moorea, NW Motus, sand flats, 17.489335°S, 149.913178°W, UF 23948 (female, 11.4 mm). Moorea (near Nihimaru river estuary), nearshore sand flat, 17.535°S, 149.906°W, UF 16469 (juvenile, 3.6 mm). Tuamotu, Makemo Atoll, intertidal reef flat, UF 18569 (1 ovigerous female, 11.3 mm). Australia. Northern Territory, New Year Island, intertidal coral platform, 10.9°S, 133.033°E, NMVJ11176 (male, 8.1 mm). Qld, Masthead I., Capricorn Group, NMV J9290 (female paratype of Callianassa haswelli Poore & Griffin, 1979, without chelipeds, 8.3 mm).

Diagnosis. Rostrum horizontal; carapace anterolateral spines triangular. Maxilliped 3 ischium-merus 2–2.4 times as long as wide; merus tapering; propodus free distal margin oblique, or transverse. Major cheliped ischium lower margin with obsolete teeth (juvenile), or with 2–8 oblique spines increasing in length distally; merus lower margin with 1–3 proximal spines or denticulate blade; palm as long as wide (rarely slightly longer than wide), sometimes with obsolete teeth along lower margin, upper margin obscurely carinate along proximal half. Minor cheliped merus lower margin with 1 proximal spine, or smooth; palm 1.3–1.5 times as long as wide, rectangular; fingers as long as palm, curved. Uropodal endopod 2.0–2.5 times as long as wide; anterior margin convex with inflexion about twothirds along; posterior margin almost straight, or convex; apex rounded, flat. Uropodal exopod posterior margin strongly concave in adult, less so in juveniles; proximal article with blunt lobe overlapping endopod, sometimes with accessory spine. Telson tapering to about three-quarters basal width from basal lobes, 1.5–1.7 times as wide as long; posterior margin with medial lobe more prominent than posterolateral corners; dorsal surface with about 6 pairs of fine setae separated by median gap on transverse ridge. Size. Cl. to 17 mm.

Colour. Carapace with two yellow-orange bands, one anterior, second across middle of dorsal oval; remainder of carapace, pleon white.Antennular peduncle article 2 with distal red band; flagella white.Antennal peduncle article 4 with distal red band; flagellum with red transverse bands every 2 or 3 segments. Maxilliped 3 unknown. Cheliped meri, carpi with pale yellow-orange patches concentrated on upper margin; propodi palms with 2 transverse pale yellow-orange bands; dactylus yellow-orange. Pereopods 2–5 white (Fig. 7c).

Distribution. Western and Central Indo-Pacific (Mauritius [type locality], throughout Indian Ocean to Ryuku Islands, Japan; new localities: Hawaii, Tonga, Papua New Guinea, N and NE Australia); intertidal to 6 m.

Remarks. Corallianassa martensi was redescribed in detail by Dworschak (2014) and again by Komai et al. (2015) who provided an extensive synonymy. The species is recognised by the concave posterior margin of the uropodal exopod, most evident in large individuals. The carina on the upper margin of the palm of the major cheliped extends only halfway along. The merus of maxilliped 3 tapers distally. The telson is much wider than long; the setae on its dorsal face cluster in two groups with a medial gap between.

The rostrum, carapace anterolateral spines, telson and uropods of Callianassa (Callichirus) winslowi Edmondson, 1944 place the species in Corallianassa. The types from Hawaii (USNM 63255) were examined by CCT and compared with Edmondson’s (1944) figures and with those of specimen UF 45445, also from Hawaii. The carina running halfway along the upper margin of the major cheliped, noted by Dworschak (2014) and Komai et al. (2015) in C. martensi, was confirmed; the major cheliped ischium has two distal teeth and the merus two proximal teeth (Fig. 4o), again consistent with earlier descriptions of this species. The telson (damaged in the types) has a medial lobe on the posterior margin and the transverse dorsal ridge has a gap between groups of submedial setae. These features are consistent with those of Corallianassa martensi, with which it is here synonymised. Hawaii can be added to the species’ distribution. UF 45445 is one of two specimens from Kaneohe Bay here illustrated – the other is C. oahuensis redescribed below. The shapes of the telson, carina on the major cheliped palm, spine on the uropodal proximal article of the endopod and the angle of the rostrum differ (cf. Figs 4h–n, 5). C. (C.) winslowi was placed in Neocallichirus by Sakai (2011) without comment.

Callianassa haswelli has been synonymised with C. martensi (Sakai 1984, 1988), suggested as a synonym of C. nakasonei Sakai, 1967 (Manning 1987) but in other literature has been treated as a valid species. Relying on Poore & Griffin’s figures, Komai et al. (2015) observed that C. haswelli differs from C. martensi in the relatively shorter antennular peduncle article 3 and the different shapes of the propodus of maxilliped 3 but these differences are subtle. The posterior margin of the uropodal exopod is more concave in some individuals than others but this seems not size-related (cf. Figs 3a, h, o, 4a, h, 5a, h; Dworschak 2014: Fig. 2i, p). The specimen from Tonga differs from previous descriptions in having obscure serrations along the lower margin of the major cheliped merus and the uropodal endopod being not as tapered from the base (Fig. 3a, e) as in published figures (Sakai 1984: fig. 2; Dworschak 2014: fig. 2; Komai et al. 2015: figs 16, 18).

The CO1 mitochondrial gene of a juvenile of cl. 3.4 mm from Moorea (UF 16469) is 100% (BS) similar to that of UF 45445 from Hawaii (Fig. 1), both specimens identified as C. martensi. The telson of the juvenile is consistent with larger specimens but the uropodal exopod is not as expanded distally and rostrum is not spine-like. Robles et al. (2020) found some genetic difference between one individual from Papua New Guinea (MNHN-IU-2014-2070) and two others, one from Tonga (to the east) and the other from Cocos (Keeling) Islands (to the west). The tapering telson and short carina on the cheliped palm are seen in all specimens at hand. In most specimens the merus of the major cheliped has two proximal teeth on the lower margin but one from Tuamotu (unsequenced) has stronger dentition (Fig. 5e).