YENİ ELEŞTİRİ BAĞLAMINDA SERVET-İ FÜNÛN HİKÂYECİLİĞİ (1896-1901)

The Westernization effort of the Turkish mentality system, which started in the political and military fields at the beginning of the 19th century, continued by deepening in many branches of art in parallel with the social field at the end of the century. This phenomenon, which is defined as Turkish Modernization, gives birth to different social, cultural, literary and philosophical movements. These new trends follow a course on the axis of the clash of traditional and modern understandings in the ongoing process. One of the examples of this in literature is the literary understanding of Servet-i Fünûn, which sprouted as a result of reaction to traditional
understandings. representatives of the movement; They are people who have adopted Western culture, art and literature and tend to exhibit this in their literary activities. The stories written between 1896-1901 by Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil, Mehmet Rauf, Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın, Safveti Ziya and Ahmet Hikmet Müftüolu, who produced works in almost all literary genres, especially poetry, novels and stories, constitute the basic material of this study. The stories of the period were analyzed within the framework of the principles of the New Criticism, which is one of the formalist theories. The main purpose in this is to draw an objective panorama of Servet-i Fünûn storytelling based on the materials found only in the texts. In the first part of the study, the roles of criticism and theory in the effort of literature to be scientific and their development in Turkish literature were emphasized. In the second part, representatives, principles and basic concepts of New Criticism were explained. In the third chapter, the adventure of Turkish storytelling until the Servet-i Fünûn period was told. Afterwards, the features, representatives and works of the storytelling of Servet-i Fünûn were briefly mentioned. In the fourth part of the study, 170 stories, which we could determine were written between 1896 and 1901, were analyzed. These texts, which were examined within the framework of the work-oriented principle of the New Criticism theory, were subjected to the "close reading" technique. The stories of Servet-i Fünûn were analyzed without considering the intention of the author, his biography, the conditions of the period in which he lived, and the reaction of the reader, which were evaluated as external
phenomena by the new critics. Evaluations were made on the data obtained from the works. In the texts of the period approached in the context of New Criticism theory, the authors; brings together various ideas, tensions, social lives and objects around certain people and turns them into fiction. The lives of the heroes are presented in the stories, within the framework of certain narrative techniques, space, time, narrators, and perspectives, with a language and style belonging to the period, forming meaningful layers.