Features of the Neolithic Era in Folk Music
Description
The purpose of the article is to come closer to the understanding of solstices in the beliefs and rituals of the Neolithic man and to pay attention to one of the features of calendar folklore – the "flow" of rituals of one solar cycle into the next.
Methodology. The following methods were used in the research: source study (processing of existing studies on the sacred and profane picture of the world created in the Neolithic, which is known to us in the form of various structural and typological models); analytical (comprehension of the Neolithic and its echoes in musical folklore), as well as the method of theoretical generalisation.
Results. The winter solstice (caroling and sharing), the vernal equinox (vesnianky, hayivky), and the summer solstice (Kupailo) are the three main milestones of the calendar cycle and the associated agrarian rituals. There is a certain cause-and-effect relationship between the rituals of these three solar phases; rhythm structures that were signs of the seasons have survived to the present day. The rituals of the winter solstice in the Neolithic (caroling and shchedruvannia) focused on reproductive and vegetative magic (namely, ensuring the harvest, and the offspring of animals). Later, the sacred bridge was built to the spring equinox – in fact, to the beginning of the agricultural year. In spring, the implementation of the sacred provision of plant and animal reproduction initiated on the day of the winter solstice began. This is due to the obvious parallels to the winter rituals in the spring cycle (timelines with the rounding of the yards: carols – ryndzivkas – the Bush, etc.). These thematic-functional cycles in the worldview of that time are not isolated. They were a kind of magical steps to the next solstice, and therefore –psychologically prepared the change of ritual actions and musical “accompaniment” of these actions.
The scientific novelty of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the Neolithic era’s reflection in musical folklore.
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