Multi-leaf masonry walls: Load transfer mechanisms sensitivity to mechanic and geometric parameters

The apparent monolithic behaviour of multi-leaf walls is compromised by the discontinuity planes that the load
transfer mechanisms generate for the following reasons: i) difference between mechanical characteristics of
layers; ii) lack or weakness of the structural interaction between core and external layers. The goal of this paper is
to evaluate through parametric analysis the dimensional ratios by reference to core confinement effects of multileaf
masonry walls with several interface and mechanical characteristics of layers. The study was carried out
through the finite element analysis performed in non-linear field on two-dimensional plain strain models calibrated
on experimental basis and numerical results are presented and discussed. The horizontal interfaces hand
the load transfer and structural performances of multi-leaf walls. The behaviour of short specimens is controlled
by confinement of external layers while for slender masonry walls the out of plane mechanisms affect the
confinement effect.