FLOOD DISASTER MANAGEMENT USING ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGY MOVEMENT AND CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES

Abstract:

A flood is an overflow of water caused by a large water mass that engulfs land. Although flooding is a natural hazard, it can occasionally turn into a disaster due to the devastation it causes. Floods can be caused by increases in river or reservoir capacity that cause them to overflow or breach their levees along the coast. Flooding may not always occur when water levels in rivers, lakes, or other bodies of water rise due to seasonal changes or glacial melting. Flooding is described as an overflow of water that covers human habitats on land. Flooding along rivers and coasts is a common natural disaster that occurs more frequently than any other natural disaster. Another reason for a catastrophic flood is a burst dam. Floods are very likely to occur in low-lying areas, coastal regions, riverine regions, and dam regions. Another reason for flooding in urban areas is a malfunctioning drainage system, which prevents even light rain from adequately draining away and causes settlement downstream of roads. Another reason for this issue is the disappearance of wetlands due to urbanisation. West Bengal has 111 blocks within its 37660 sq. km of flood-prone land. According to statistical analysis, West Bengal experienced the average devastated area over 2000–10,000 square kilometres on ten different occasions throughout the course of the previous 41 years (1960–2000) (The Financial Express, 2017).