Impact of Glyphosate and 2,4-D used in agriculture on the quality of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacépède, 1803) from the Sassandra River in Guessabo (Côte D'ivoire)

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of glyphosate and 2,4-D contamination in the water, sediments, organs (gills, liver and muscles) of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and the health of the population related to the consumption of this fish from the river at Guessabo. The analysis of the different samples was done using HPLC. The results showed that the annual concentrations of the active ingredients (glyphosate and 2,4-D) varied in the water from 1.26 to 1.65 µg L^-1, and in the sediment from 0.06 to 0.23 mg.kg^-1. The concentrations of these active ingredients in fish muscle ranged from 0.14 to 0.36 mg kg^-1. The bioconcentration factors for fish organs range from 5994.1 to 14413.2 and the bioaccumulation factors range from 0.7 to 2.8. Then the highest hazard quotient (HQ) values related to fish contamination are ranked in the order of 0.044 for children and 0.018 for adults. In sum, consumers do not face major risks from 2,4-D and glyphosate when consuming Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from the river at Guessabo. However, children under the age of eighteen do accumulate contaminants from the fish in this locality.