CSSI Element Data: HDR: Enabling Data Interoperability for NSF Archives of High-rate Real-time GPS and Seismic Observations of Induced Earthquakes and Structural Damage Detection in Oklahoma

To understand the impact that induced seismicity in Oklahoma is expected to have on the built
environment, it is critical to develop realistic building response models for typical regional
building stock. Traditionally, accelerometers are used to monitor buildings’ structural health
during potentially damaging events like earthquakes. In this work, we describe an improvement
on this typical system using a realtime instrument network which incorporates 3 types of
instruments monitoring a single structure. Using this realtime network, we can rapidly estimate
the damage state of the building following a potentially damaging event and can continually
improve building response models.
We have instrumented a 12-story building in Stillwater, Oklahoma, which is representative of
aging reinforced concrete building infrastructure that can be vulnerable to frequent induced
seismicity in the region. We have instrumented this building with 2 gyroscopes and 2
accelerometers, on the ground and top floors, both streaming data in realtime, and a high-rate
GNSS receiver with an antenna on the roof. The data from the gyroscopes and accelerometers
are distributed via an Antelope seismic acquisition and database system where the datasets can
be rapidly utilized following an earthquake.
We use the dataset of ~ M3-4.5 earthquakes collected by the network to date to calibrate an
existing nonlinear finite element model (FEM) of the building. This calibrated model is then used
to train a neural network to model the expected building response and estimate the damage
state of the building for a range of seismic event sizes and input ground motions. The realtime
data streams then become the inputs to this neural network to model building response and
estimate damage states with a short delay following a major shaking event. This neural network
has the advantage of being computationally more efficient than running the complex non-linear
FEM. This system is intended to demonstrate an important use case for multi-instrument
realtime structural health monitoring data which can be generalized to other areas of high
seismic hazard for buildings where the evaluation of building response and risk is required.