Biosorbent: Types, Mechanism And Its Biosorption Data

Human progress and their numerous industrial activities are accompanied by the entry of versatile contaminants into the environment, which in some cases. Exposure to some metal ions such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and chromium leads to the appearance of hazards and cause injuries, and consequently endanger human life, living things and the environment. A number of methods have been developed for the removal of toxic metal ions from wastewaters such as precipitation, evaporation, electroplating, ion exchange, membrane processes, etc. However, these conventional technologies are providing expensive due to non- regenerable materials used, high cost and generation of toxic sludge. Biosorption is a process that represents a biotechnological innovation as well as a cost-effective excellent tool for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. It represents a typical technique for using economical alternate biological materials for the purpose. Today, biosorption is one of the main components of environmental and bioresource technology. Application of microorganisms (specifically bacteria, algae, yeasts and fungi) as biosorbents for heavy metal removal have received growing interest due to high surface to volume ratio; large availability, rapid kinetics of adsorption and desorption and low cost.