How flexible, slit and rigid barriers mitigate two-phase geophysical mass flows: a numerical appraisal

The supplementary videos SV1 and SV2 (presented in Figures 4 and 5) show geophysical flows impacting flexible, slit, and rigid barriers via pile-up mode and runup mode, respectively.

The measurement data used for comparison in Figure 7 from 14 centrifuge tests with bouldery and the boulder-debris mixture flows (Song et al., 2018b, 2019), and dry granular flow against open-type dams (Choi et al., 2020) were published open access in their articles.

The unique dataset, comprising normalized data obtained from analytical models (Li et al., 2021; Song et al., 2021a), empirical relations (Cui et al., 2015), experiments (Armanini et al., 2020; Choi et al., 2020; Cui et al., 2015; Hu et al., 2020; Song et al., 2021a, 2021b; Tiberghien et al., 2007; Vicari et al., 2021), field events (Hübl et al., 2009), and practical design values (Armanini, 1997; Hungr et al., 1984; Kwan & Cheung, 2012; Wendeler, 2016), is plotted in Figure 10 for comparison.

All these articles can be found in the PDF file entitled “References in Figures 7 and 10”.