Soil bulk density [10x kg/m3] for continental Europe at 30 m spatial resolution for period 2000-2020: Open Soil Data Cube for Europe

Predictions are based on the 3D Ensemble Machine Learning framework, as implemented in the R environment for statistical computing (Hengl & MacMillan, 2019; Hengl, et al., 2021). For each pixel we provide prediction errors as 1 standard deviation in either log or the original variable scale.

The short description of currently available soil properties: db_od = bulk density over dry [kg/m3 ⨉ 10];

Soil properties were predicted at fixed depths:

    Surface soil = s0..0cm,
    Subsoil 1 = s30..30cm,
    Subsoil 2 = s60..60cm,
    Subsoil 3 = s100..100cm.

To produce estimates for depth intervals e.g. 0–30 cm, 0–100 cm best use the trapezoidal rule formula.

Periods: 2000 (2000–2003), 2004 (2004–2007), 2008 (2008–2011), 2012 (2012–2015), 2016 (2016–2019), 2020;

The bulk density maps are also provided in 10 kg / m-cubic to reduce total data size; to convert values to kg / m-cubic multiply by 10 e.g. 120 = 1200 kg / m-cubic = 1.2 t / m-cubic.