Bio-floc based tilapia farming

Aquaculture, being a youngest and fastest-growing food production venture in recent years, is supplying world’s cheapest protein source, but on the other side, many lingering questions have been raised about how long this rapid expansion can be sustained (FAO, 2020). This is because, initially, aquaculture has been practiced as monoculture, which demands large quantity of water, large amount of fishmeal for feed preparation and vast amount of land areas to achieve high production (Boyd et al., 2020). In addition to this, improper disposal of aquaculture waste to the environment has created many negative consequences such as soil and water contamination, pathogen transmission and eutrophication of water bodies. These environmental issues were seriously damaged the long-term viability of aquaculture's industry (Verdegem, 2013). Recently. biofloc-based systems have been proposed and disseminated among the progressive farmers to solve these problems and to ensure the long-term sustainability of this sector (Bossier and Ekasari, 2017).