Gyropus ovalis Burmeister, 1838

Gyropus ovalis Nitzsch 1818: 304 (without a formal description of the species, nomen nudum).

Gyropus ovalis Burmeister 1838: 443 (diagnosis). Type locality: According to Ewing (1924): Cavia cobaya probably living under conditions of domestication. Type host: Savia cobaya [sic!] (= Cavia porcellus). Types unknown.

Denny 1842: 245 (diagnosis), fig. 1 (female habitus, dorsal view), fig. 1a (anterior leg), fig. 1b (posterior leg), fig. 1c (antenna). Gervais 1844: 317 (diagnosis). Gurlt 1857: 279 (apud Werneck 1948: 53). Giebel 1861: 89 (diagnosis), Plate 2, fig. 1–9. Giebel 1874: 246 (diagnosis). Gurlt 1878: 165 (apud Werneck 1948: 53). Piaget 1880: 609 (diagnosis), Plate 50, fig. 5 (female habitus, dorsal view), fig. 1a (antenna), fig. 1b (posterior tarsus locked in the femoral tenaculum), fig. 1c (tarsus I, detail), fig. 1d (male terminalia in dorsal view with exposed genitalia). Neumann 1892: 71, fig. 42 (apud Werneck 1948: 53). Railliet 1895: fig. 588 (apud Werneck 1948: 53). Mégnin 1880: 95 (descripton), figs. 41c (tibia and tarsus of first leg), 41d (tibia and tarsus of posterior leg). Osborn 1896: 216 (list of insects affecting animals), 249 (citation), fig. 140 (female habitus, dorsal view). Kellogg 1899: 79 (citation). Kellogg 1908: 52 (citation), plate 2, fig. 17 (female habitus, dorsal view). Mjöberg 1910: 20 (citation), 239 (description of male genitalia), 259 (egg description), fig. 1 (antenna), fig. 2 (second and third legs), fig. 3 (female terminalia, dorsal view), fig. 9 (hypopharynx), figs. 110 (first leg), 115 (spiracular opening in tracheal system), 130 (exposed male genitalia). Paine 1912: 441 (citation). Neumann 1912b: 228 (key to Gyropus species). Johnston and Harrison 1912: 22 (list of introduced animals in Australia). Stobbe 1914: 177 (citation and new host record). Kellogg and Ferris 1915: 65 (citation). Harrison 1916: 31 (checklist). Ewing 1924: 13, fig. 6 (head, dorsal view). Séguy 1924: 64, figs.52 (male habitus, dorsal view); 53 (posterior leg); 54 (antenna). Ewing 1929: 107 (citation), fig. 63 (head, dorsal view). Blagoveshtchensky 1931: Plate I fig.A (male habitus, dorsal view), fig. B (female habitus, dorsal view), fig. C c1, c2, c3, c4 (part of buccal apparatus and hypopharynx). Plate II fig. A (transverse section of the head at level of anterior third of hypopharynx), fig. B (transverse section of the head at level of middle third of hypopharynx), fig. C (transverse section of the head at level of posterior third of hypopharynx). Table III fig. A (transverse section of the head at level of initial part of oesophagus), fig. B (transverse section of the head at level of first third of oesophagus), fig. C (transverse section of the head at level of temporal portion of oesophagus), fig. D (transverse section of the head at level of neck part of oesophagus). Plate IV figs. A, B, C (longitudinal section of the head at the area which is close to middle line), fig. D (longitudinal section of the head almost in middle line). Plate V fig A (horizontal section of the head beneath the mandible level), figs. B, C, D (female digestive tract showing different forms of Malpighian tubes), fig. E (male digestive tract). Plate VI fig. A (male salivary glands), fig. B (central ganglion of the central nervous system, drawing after combination of sections), fig. C (transverse section of the sub-pharyngeal ganglion), fig. D (longitudinal section at level between 2nd and 3th abdominal ganglion), fig. E (horizontal section of the respiratory stigma, with its opening closed), fig. F (female reproductive system, ovaries not entirely developed), fig. G (female reproductive system, ovaries developed). Plate VII fig. A (female genital apparatus, in contracted form after egg withdrawal), fig. B (transverse section of the final portion of the female abdomen), fig. C (transverse section of the female abdomen at level of the complementary ganglion chain), fig. D (longitudinal section nearly of middle line of female abdomen), fig. E (longitudinal section of the female genital chamber). Plate VIII fig. A (male genitalia, dorsal view), fig. B (detail of the male genitalia), fig. C (exposed male genitalia), figs. D, E, F (transverse section of the final portion of the male abdomen), fig. G (transverse section of the male abdomen at level of retal glands). Plate IX fig. A (transverse section of the abdomen at paired follicle line), fig. B (transverse section of the abdomen), fig. C (median longitudinal section of the male abdomen with genitalia in repose), fig. D (median longitudinal section of the male abdomen with half of genitalia exposed). Galliard 1934: 1316, figs. B, E (apud Werneck 1948: 53). Werneck 1936a: 419 (redescription), fig. 34 (female habitus, dorsoventral view), fig. 35 (male habitus, dorsoventral view), fig. 36 (female head, dorsoventral view), fig. 37 (female terminalia, ventral view), fig. 38 (male genitalia, dorsal view), fig. 39 (exposed male genitalia, dorsal view). Maltbaek 1937: 21 (list of lice on exotic mammals in Denmark). Torres 1938: fig. 1B (exposed male genitalia, dorsal view). Costa-Lima 1939: 372 (citation). Conci 1940: 80 (citation on the chewing lice in Italy). Whitehead 1942: 14, plate 5, fig. 3 (apud Werneck 1948: 53). Séguy 1944: 52 (diagnosis), fig. 37 (female habitus, dorsal view), fig. 38 (male genitalia, dorsal view), fig. 39 (posterior tarsus extremity). Merisuo 1944: 209 (citation in Finland), fig. 6C (male microphotograph). Blagoveshtchensky 1949: 231 (description of morphology of digestive system), plate II, fig. 1 (female whole digestive tract), fig. 2 (detail of anterior part of female digestive tract), fig. 3 (detail of female crop, lateral view), fig. 4 (detail of female crop, front view). Hopkins 1951: 57 (designation as type species of the genus). Hopkins and Clay 1952: 161 (checklist). Symmons 1952: 379 (tentorium description), fig. 20 (head with some internal structures, ventral view), fig. 21 (two drawings of transverse sections of the head, at antennae level), fig. 22 (two drawings of transverse sections of the head, at occipital level), fig. 23A–C (longitudinal sections of the head), fig. 23D (sagittal section of the head), fig. 24 (reconstruction from longitudinal sections of the head, lateral view). Kéler 1957: 97, fig. 3 E (antena, lateral view), fig. 29 A (head, protorax and mesotorax, ventral view), fig. 42 B (left leg I, ventral and dorsal views), fig. 42 C (left leg III, ventral and dorsal views). Emerson 1962: 7 (list of North American chewing lice). Blagoveshtchensky 1959: 60 (longitudinal section of a female ovariolus). Eichler 1963: 14, fig. 5 (longitudinal section of a female ovariolus, redrawn from Blagoveshtchensky 1959). Merdivenci 1966: 98 (list of Turkey species of parasites). Emerson 1966: 268 (checklist of Panama species and geographical distribution). Złotorzycka 1972: 36 (synopsis of Polish species of Gyropus), fig. 25 (leg structure for clasping), fig. 52 (male habitus, dorsal view), fig. 53 (female habitus, dorsal view), fig. 54 (head, dorsal view), fig. 55 (male genitalia, dorsal view). Emerson 1972a, b: 13 (parasite-host and a host-parasite lists of North American species). Eichler and Hackman 1973: 85 (citation in Finnish species of chewing lice). Emerson et al. 1973: 382 (data on morphology, lice cycle, pathogenic effects, diagnosis, and control). Fig. 13.7 (female habitus, dorsal view). Złotorzycka et al. 1974: 19 (key of central Europe species), 72 (citation) fig. 32a (male habitus, dorsal view), 32b (female habitus dorsal view), 32c (female head, dorsal view), 32d (female posterior leg), 32e (male genitalia, dorsal view), 32f (egg, lateral view). Martin-Mateo 1975: 179 (female re-descriptions and morphometric data), fig. 4 (middle tarsus locked in the femoral tenaculum), fig. 5 (female dorsal head, dorso-ventral view), fig. 6 (female terminalia, ventral view). Emerson and Price 1975: 4 (key to Venezuelan species), 28 (geographical record, infestation data), fig. 71 (female habitus, dorsoventral view), fig. 72 (male habitus, dorsoventral view), fig. 73 (female terminalia, ventral view), 74 (male genitalia, dorsal view). Martin 1979: 327 (short list of lice in Canada). Emerson and Price 1981: 40 (host-parasite checklist). Emerson et al. 1984: 155 (geographical record for North America). Silfverberg 1986: 133 (citation on the chewing lice in Finland). Guitton et al. 1986: 233 (new geographical data). Linardi et al. 1987: 137 (new geographical record for the host-parasite association), 139 (specific index of infestation). Złotorzycka and Modrzejewska 1988: 42 (citation), 148 (host-parasite list), 160 (Polish geographical distribution). Mey 1988: 115 (list of lice on domestic animals in Europe). Ziomko and Cencek 1992: 71 (data on prevalence and chemical control). Castro et al. 1996: 213 (chorionic morphology of the egg in SEM), fig. 2 (egg, lateral view), fig. 16 (operculum and amphora, lateral view), fig. 17 (operculum, polar view), fig. 18 (aeriferous chamber, polar view), fig. 19 (section of an aeriferous chamber), fig. 20 (medium part of the amphora), fig. 21 (internal face of the exo and endocorion in the amphora), fig. 22 (internal face of the exocorion at level of the aeriferous chambers), fig. 23 (section of the exo and endocorion at level basal pole). Price and Graham 1997: 12 (citation), fig. 10A (female habitus modified from Emerson and Price (1975), ventral view), fig. 10B (male habitus modified from Emerson and Price (1975), dorsal view), fig. 10C (female terminalia from Emerson and Price (1975), ventral view), fig. 10D (male genitalia from Emerson and Price (1975), dorsal view). Cicchino and Castro 1998b: 99 (synopsis of Argentine species, geographic distribution), 103 (host parasite list of Argentine species). Valim et al. 2004: 243 (data on prevalence, abundance and parasitic burden).

Gyropus turbinatus, Piaget 1880: 612, plate 50, fig. 7 (male habitus, dorsal view), fig. 7a (posterior tarsus locked in the femoral tenaculum). Kellogg 1908: 52 (citation). Harrison 1916: 32 (checklist). Werneck 1936a: 424 (synomyzation in Gyropus ovalis).

Allogyropus turbinatus, Ewing 1924: 20 (inclusion in a new genus).

Gyropus recifensis, Torres 1938: 280, fig. 1A (exposed male genitalia, dorsal view), fig. 2 (micrography of the male habitus), fig. 3 (micrography of the tip of right paramere), fig. 4 (micrography of the whole male genitalia). Werneck 1948: 54 (synomyzation in Gyropus ovalis).

Macrogyropus mexicanus, Zavaleta 1945: 438, fig. 2 (female habitus, ventro-dorsal view), fig. G (female antenna), fig. H (female terminalia, ventral view), fig. I (male terminalia, dorsal view), fig. J (male genitalia, ventral view), fig. K (tarsus I of the male), fig. L (tarsus I of the female). Werneck 1948: 54 (a junior synonym of Gyropus ovalis).

Distribution: ARGENTINA (Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Buenos Aires), BRAZIL (Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), COLOMBIA (Cristalina), GUIANA (Georgetown), PARAGUAY (Villarica), PERU (Arequipa), VENEZUELA (Carabobo, Monagas).

Hosts. Cavia porcellus Linnaeus, C. a. aperea Erxleben, C. a. pamparum Thomas, C. fulgida Wagler, C. tschudii Fitzinger (Caviidae).

Remarks. Altough today the type host is domesticated and distributed worldwide, possibly it lives as feral populations in South America (Wilson and Reeder, 2005). Thus, only the records from this continent were included for this species. This species was found on a dragon fly (Agriogomphus jessei, Odonata, Gomphidae) in Cristalina, Colombia (Ewing 1924: 15). Of course that this find was a typical case of an accidental phoresis, nevertheless its geographical record is included in the distribution of G. ovalis (Table 1).