Gonatopus groups

Gonatopus females were divided for convenience by Olmi and Virla (2014) into 12 groups. They are distinguished on the basis of the following characters:

1 Fully winged.................................................................................. Group 11

- Apterous........................................................................................... 2

2 Enlarged claw without subapical tooth (Fig. 9 in Olmi 1994b), or with one very small subapical tooth (Plate 181A in Olmi & Virla 2014)......................................................................................... 3

- Enlarged claw with one large subapical tooth (Plate 168D, E in Olmi & Virla 2014)............................... 6

3 Distal apex of enlarged claw with group of lamellae (Fig. 9 in Olmi 1994b)................................ Group 8

- Distal apex of enlarged claw without lamellae (Plates 181A, E, 182E-G, 183C, D in Olmi & Virla 2014 ................ 4

4 Pronotum crossed by strong transverse furrow (Plates 181C, D, 182A-D, 183A, B in Olmi & Virla 2014)......... Group 7

- Pronotum not crossed by transverse furrow or slightly impressed (Plates 202, 203A, C in Olmi & Virla 2014)........... 5

5 Palpal formula 6/3.............................................................................. Group 12

- Palpal formula different.......................................................................... Group 6

6 Pronotum not crossed by transverse furrow or slightly impressed (as in plate 172B in Olmi & Virla 2014 ................ 7

- Pronotum crossed by strong transverse furrow (Plates 164C, 167E in Olmi & Virla 2014).......................... 8

7 Labial palpi 3-segmented......................................................................... Group 9

- Labial palpi 2-segmented......................................................................... Group 5

8 Enlarged claw without lamellae, with or without bristles or peg-like hairs (Plate 153B, D in Olmi & Virla 2014)... Group 1

- Enlarged claw with lamellae (Plates 154E, F, 155 D, E in Olmi & Virla 2014)..................................... 9

9 Labial palpus 2-segmented............................................................................. 10

- Labial palpus 3-segmented............................................................................ 11

10 Maxillary palpus composed of 2–4 segments......................................................... Group 2

- Maxillary palpus 5-segmented.................................................................... Group 10

11 Maxillary palpus 6-segmented..................................................................... Group 4

- Maxillary palpus with 4–5 segments.................................................................... 12

12 Maxillary palpus 5-segmented..................................................................... Group 3

- Maxillary palpus 4-segmented................................................................... Group 10

The above groups are distributed in the zoogeographical regions as follows:

Palaearctic: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11.

Afrotropical: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11.

Oriental: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10.

Nearctic: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12.

Neotropical: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12.

Australian: groups 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9.

As far as, it is not possible divide also males into groups.