Carsidara limbata (Enderlein, 1926)

(Figs. 1−11)

Thysanogyna limbata Enderlein, 1926: 397.

Carsidara limbata (Enderlein); Hodkinson, 1986: 303; Hollis, 1987: 93; Li, 2011: 1295. Thysanogyna minor shikokuensis Miyatake, 1981: 37. Syn. nov.

Carsidara shikokuensis (Miyatake, 1981); Hollis, 1987: 93; Miyatake & Inoue, 2016: 21. Carsidara marginalis, sensu Kwon & Huh, 1998: 213, nec Walker, 1869: 329, misidentification.

Material examined. Japan: Paratypes of Thysanogyna minor shikokuensis; 2 Ƌ, 2 ♀, Shikoku, Ehime Pref., Nishiumi-cho, Kashima Is., 21.vii.1967, (M. Miyatake), (OMNH, dry mounted); 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀, Shikoku, Kôchi Pref., Muroto, 16‒18.vii.1952, (S. Miyamoto), (OMNH, dry mounted). 3 Ƌ, 1 ♀, 5 immatures, Honshu, Nara Pref., Takaichi-gun, Asuka-mura, Toyoura, Amakashi-no-oka, 12‒28.ix.2015, Firmiana simplex (Y. Miyatake), (NIFTS, OMNH, dry mounted, 99.5% ethanol); same data but 2 Ƌ, 1 ♀, 28.ix.2015; 39 Ƌ, 30 ♀, 14 immatures, Honshu, Yamaguchi Pref., Shimonoseki City, Takezaki, 7‒8.vi.2012, F. simplex (H. Inoue), (NIFTS, SNU, dry and slide mounted, 70% ethanol); same data but 6 immatures, 1.viii.2012, (NIFTS, 70% ethanol); 1 Ƌ, Honshu, Yamaguchi Pref., Shimonoseki City, Hikoshima-sakomachi, 1.viii.2012, F. simplex (H. Inoue), (NIFTS, dry mounted); 5 Ƌ, 6 ♀, 15 immatures, Kyushu, Fukuoka Pref., Fukuoka City, Higashi-ku, Hakozaki, Kyushu University, 20.ix.2015, F. simplex (H. Inoue), (NIFTS, OMNH, dry mounted, 70% and 99.5% ethanol); same data but 8 Ƌ, 12 ♀, 12 immatures, 7.xi.2015 (D. Yamaguchi), (NIFTS, 99.5% ethanol); same data but 15 Ƌ, 12 ♀, 7 immatures, 15.xi.2015 (H. Inoue), (dry mounted, 70% ethanol). South Korea: 9 Ƌ, 22 ♀, 10 immatures, Seoul, Gwanak-gu, Daehak-dong, Seoul National University, 31.x.2013, F. simplex (G. Cho), (NHMB, SNU, dry and slide mounted, 95% ethanol); 66 Ƌ, 16 ♀, 9 immatures, Jeollanam-do, Yeosu-si, Sujeong-dong, Mt. Cheonseong, 22.vi.2014, F. simplex (G. Cho), (NHMB, SNU, dry and slide mounted, 95% ethanol).

Diagnosis. Adult (Figs. 1, 2). Head, from above, cleft in front; genal processes short, obliquely truncate apically with small point near median body axis (Fig. 5). Forewing (Fig. 6) with relatively long Rs, distal portion of non-tracheate vein usually more than twice as long as basal portion; vein Cu1a relatively weakly curved; surface spinules present in the middle of cell c+sc, brown markings present at the apex of cell cu2, apical half of cell cu1, and near the posterior margins of cell m1 and cell m2. Paramere (Figs. 7, 9, 11) with outer lobe on the middle of outer surface; apex of paramere twisted. Distal segment of aedeagus (Fig. 10) with horn-shaped end tube of the ductus ejaculatorius at the apex. Female terminalia (Fig. 8) massive with deeply sinuous circumanal ring; apex of subgenital plate short.

Measurements. (5 Ƌ/ 5 ♀; in mm). Head width 0.88−0.95/ 0.92−1.00; vertex width 0.46−0.49/ 0.48−0.52; vertex length 0.18−0.23/ 0.21−0.23; genal process length 0.08−0.15/ 0.07−0.11; first antennal flagellomere length 0.13−0.14/ 0.13−0.15; antennal length 2.29−2.44/ 2.17−2.45; forewing length 4.97−5.32/ 5.27−6.03; forewing width 1.85−1.94/ 1.84−2.30; pterostigma length 0.56−0.64/ 0.54−0.82; vein Rs length 1.62−1.96/ 1.85−2.19; length of line connecting apices of vein Rs and vein Cu1a 1.81−1.91/ 1.74−2.29; length of line connecting base and apex of vein M1+2 1.94−2.13/ 2.08−2.47; length of line connecting apices of veins M1+2 and M3+4 0.92−1.02/ 0.95−1.20; length of line connecting apices of vein Cu1a and Cu1b 0.70−0.80/ 0.86−1.03; length of line connecting base and apex of vein Cu1b 0.12−0.24/ 0.18−0.24; metatibia length 1.00−1.10/ 0.98−1.13; male proctiger length 0.33−0.40; paramere length 0.26−0.30; length of distal segment of aedeagus 0.20−0.22; female proctiger length 0.76−0.87; circumanal ring length 0.30−0.39; female subgenital plate length 0.33−0.43.

Fifth instar immature. Description by Li (2011).

Distribution. China (Anhui, Beijing, Chongqing, Fuzhou, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shangdong (type-locality ‘Tsingtau’), Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang) (Enderlein 1926; Li 2011); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu) (Miyatake 1981; Miyatake & Inoue 2016); South Korea (Kwon & Huh 1998).

Host plant. Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight (Malvaceae) (Miyatake 1981; Kwon & Huh 1998; Li 2011). The immatures, particularly the older instars, secrete large amounts of flocculent wax and honeydew (Figs. 3, 4).