Rhipidia (Rhipidia) Meigen, 1818

Rhipidia Meigen, 1818: 153.

Arhipidia Alexander, 1912: 6.

Monorhipidia Alexander, 1912: 6.

Conorhipidia Alexander, 1914: 117.

Type species— Rhipidia maculata Meigen, 1818 (monotypic).

Wing with closed discal cell. Femur with darkened apex, tarsus yellowish to brown. Rostral prolongation of inner gonostylus with at least three, usually with 4–8 spines.

Larva (Krivosheina, 2011): head capsule well sclerotised, dorsoventrally compressed, oval in shape. Strong transverse rods of hypopharynx and labium with large conical teeth. Mandible with three teeth at apex and with three obtuse shorter teeth along ventral margin. Hypopharynx with twelve teeth, labium with 10–12 teeth. Hypostomium with widened elongate apical section, bearing 9–11 teeth. Clypeus with two pairs of setae and single pore between them. Antennae short, 1.5–2.0 times as long as wide. Larval body cylindrical. Thoracic segment III and abdominal segment I with areas of spines or setae ventrally, abdominal segments II–VII with areas of spines dorsally and ventrally. Spiracular lobes reduced, stigmal area with two elongate pigmented spots on ventral side.

Pupa with elongate, cylindrical prothoracic horns bearing row of rounded spiracular cells along dorsal and ventral margins. Terminal segment of male rounded, with transverse dorsal carina in middle section. Areas of spines on abdominal segments III–VII situated on both dorsal and ventral sides.

Larvae develop in various habitats, usually under bark of trunks of deciduous trees (oak, beech, linden, poplar and alder) infected with fungi.

Subgenus includes 209 extant species (Oosterbroek, 2016) and no fossil species (Evenhuis, 2014). It has a worldwide distribution with highest diversity of 138 species in Neotropics. Twenty species are known from Palearctic (Oosterbroek, 2016).