Key to subgenera of Phaenocarpa Foerster

1. Vein cu-a of hind wing absent or largely so; costulae of propodeum strongly developed................................................................................................. subgenus Kahlia Ashmead, 1900 stat. rev.

- Vein cu-a of hind wing present; costulae of propodeum at most moderately developed............................... 2

2. Vein 1-M of hind wing 0.8–1.1 × longer than vein M+CU; hind wing rather wide (Fig. 5 B); vein 1-CU1 of fore wing longer than vein cu-a (Fig. 5 A)................................................................................ 3

- Vein 1-M of hind wing at least 1.4 × as long as vein M+CU; hind wing narrow; vein 1-CU1 of fore wing variable, often about as long as vein cu-a or shorter............................................................................ 4

3. Third antennal segment about as long as fourth segment and slender; first subdiscal cell of fore wing small; apically upper valve of ovipositor about as wide as lower valve and exposed; hind basitarsus robust; middle tooth of mandible comparatively narrow; trace of vein r of hind wing present...............................subgenus Idiolexis Foerster, 1863 stat. rev.

- Third antennal segment much shorter than fourth segment and widened (Fig. 2 M); first subdiscal cell of fore wing mediumsized (Fig. 5 A); apically upper valve of ovipositor enclosed by much wider lower valve (Figs 5 F, 5G); hind basitarsus rather slender (Fig. 4 B); middle tooth of mandible wide (Figs 5 J-L); vein r of hind wing absent (Fig. 5 B)...................................................................................................... subgenus Clistalysia nov.

4. Tarsal claws distinctly widened medially and densely setose (especially swollen in ♀ and with apical tooth indistinct or small; but tarsal claws in ♂ more slender and with distinct apical tooth, but still wider and more setose than in other groups) and pulvillus of ♀ strongly swollen; notauli complete, deep and crenulate....... subgenus Discphaenocarpa Belokobylskij, 1998

- Tarsal claws flattened and with large apical tooth and pulvillus of ♀ not swollen; notauli often absent or smooth and shallow posteriorly........................................................................................... 5

5. Tarsal claws with distinct angular lobe; precoxal sulcus narrow.......... subgenus Uncphaenocarpa Belokobylskij, 1998

- Tarsal claws only subbasally widened, if medially widened then not angularly so and precoxal sulcus wide medially....... 6

6. Mandible with a deep medio-apical cleft instead of a middle tooth....... subgenus Ussurphaenocarpa Belokobylskij, 1998

- Mandible with a distinct tooth medio-apically and without a deep cleft........................................... 7

7. Marginal cell of fore wing convex posteriorly (because of curved vein SR1) and ending before wing apex; vein 1-R1 of fore wing 1.0–1.3 × as long as pterostigma........................................subgenus Homophyla Foerster, 1863

- Marginal cell of fore wing straight posteriorly (vein SR1 straight) and reaching wing apex; vein 1-R1 of fore wing at least 1.6 × as long as pterostigma................................................................................ 8

8. Tarsal claws narrow and sinuate; upper tooth of mandible reduced, smaller than ventral one.......................................................................................... subgenus Sibphaenocarpa Belokobylskij, 1998

- Tarsal claws widened basally and evenly curved apically; upper tooth of mandible medium-sized to large, larger than ventral one or subequal....................................................................................... 9

9. Vein 1r-m of hind wing 0.2–0.7 × as long as vein 1-M; if 0.6-0.7 × then metanotum tooth-shaped protruding dorsally in lateral view; marginal cell of hind wing medium-sized or small; upper valve of ovipositor cylindrical and more or less widened subapically in lateral view, but in P. ruficeps group of equal width; apical half of basal cell of hind wing at most weakly widened; vein 1-CU1 of fore wing usually about as long as vein cu-a or shorter; [vein 1-SR+M of fore wing straight or slightly sinuate basally; vein 1-R1 of fore wing at least 1.6 × as long as pterostigma; metanotum tooth-shaped protruding in lateral view, vein 1r-m of hind wing 0.6–0.7 × as long as vein 1-M (0.2–0.5 × in other spp.) and the scutellar sulcus more or less narrowed medially in the P. ruficeps group (= Holcalysia Cameron, 1905)]..................... subgenus Phaenocarpa Foerster, 1863

- Vein 1r-m of hind wing 0.8–0.9 × as long as vein 1-M; marginal cell of hind wing large or medium-sized; upper valve of ovipositor depressed subapically; apical half of basal cell of hind wing distinctly widened; vein 1-CU1 of fore wing longer than vein cu-a; metanotum obtuse dorsally in lateral view; [ovipositor of type species strongly depressed, ribbon-shaped; vein 1- SR+M of fore wing regularly slightly curved basally]...................subgenus Neophaenocarpa Belokobylskij, 1999