Figures 164–169: Types of hemispermatophore capsule architecture in scorpiopids, showing main structures and nomenclature. Figures 164, 167. Scorpiops citadelle capsule in convex (164) and concave (167) views, showing distal bc expanded into a plate with basal crest bearing oligodentate cls, strongly spiculate tmsd, and long dpl with denticulate apical margin. Figures 165, 168. S. leptochirus capsule in convex (165) and concave (168) views, showing a bc without distal plate or basal crest, no cls, weakly spiculate or fenestrate tmsd, and tectum not extended into a dpl. Figures 166, 169. S. montanus capsule in convex (166) and concave (169) views, showing distal bc expanded into a plate with basal crest with smooth distal margin lacking cls denticles, strongly spiculate tmsd, and intermediate length dpl with weakly denticulate apical margin. Abbreviations: bc, basal carina; bcr, basal crest; cls, crown-like structure; dpl, distal posterior lobe; lh, lateral hook; tmsd, terminal membrane of sperm duct. Specimen numbers indicated. Scale bar: 400 μm.