Macrothemis declivata Calvert, 1909

(Figures 11–20, 40)

Material. BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro State: Magé municipality, Citrolândia, RPPN Campo Escoteiro Geraldo Hugo Nunes [22º34’21.26’’S, 43º02’01.33’’W; 20 m a.s.l.], 26.VII.1987, A. L. Carvalho leg., Ƥ F-0, adult emergence 24.VIII.1987 (87071-E); Mato Grosso State: Chapada dos Guimarães municipality, Parque Nacional [da Chapada dos Guimarães], Cachoeira dos Namorados (pool margins, ravine and gravel) [15º24’26.64’’S, 55º49’22.92’’W; 600 m a.l.s.], 16.II.2000, A. L. Carvalho leg., ̩ F-0, emergence date unknown. All in DZRJ.

Larva very similar to M. imitans imitans described above, differing by the following features:

Integument covered by short filiform setae, especially longer and concentrated on sides of head, thorax and legs.

Carvalho et al. Costa et al. Heckman Needham et al. Novelo-Gutiérrez Rodríguez

(2002) (2004) (2006) (2000) (1997) Capítulo (1992) References

Brazil (in part) Brazil South America North America Mexico Argentina Macrothemis 9/0/4/1/0 0/5/9/1/0 1/8/1/4/0 8/1/5/0/0 8/1/1/4/0 0/1/2/3/8 (n = 14)

Ramírez & Novelo- M. aurimaculata Macrothemis Brechmorhoga ** Macrothemis * Macrothemis Macrothemis Macrothemis * Gutiérrez (1999)

Ramírez & M. celeno Macrothemis Macrothemis * Macrothemis Macrothemis Macrothemis Error Novelo-

Gutiérrez (1999) M. declivata Macrothemis Brechmorhoga ** Macrothemis * Macrothemis Macrothemis Error Thispaper ......to be continued on the next page TABLE 1. (Continued.)

Carvalho et al. Costa et al. Heckman Needham et al. Novelo-Gutiérrez Rodríguez

(2002) (2004) (2006) (2000) (1997) Capítulo (1992) References

Brazil (in part) Brazil South America North America Mexico Argentina

Meurgey B. archboldi Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga * Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga * (2008)

Needham & B. mendax Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga * Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga Fisher (1936)

Von B. nubecula Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga * Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga Dythemis *** Ellenrieder (2007)

Brechmorhoga or

B. nubecula? Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga * Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga * Santos (1969)

Scapanea *

Brechmorhoga or Novelo

B. pertinax Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga * Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga *

Macrothemis * Gutiérrez (1995)

Novelo- B. praecox Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga * Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga Brechmorhoga * Gutierrez (1995) S. frontalis - - - Scapanea - - Klots(1932) ” Possibility of correct identification with one or two doubtful characters; “**” Incorrect identification; “***” Possibility of incorrect identification with one or two doubtful characters; “Error” - no possible correct identification (three or more doubtful or not applicable characters); “-” Genus not included.

Head (Figs. 11–15). Occipital margin concave, with occipital lobes covered with short and long robust setae. Frons with a row of reddish brown filiform setae between antennae. Vertex with reddish brown filiform setae, not especially concentrated. Relative length of antennomeres: 65, 76, 100, 66, 81, 100, 78; third and sixth antennomeres similar in length, longer than others. Mandibular formula L 1234 0 ab (or ad) / R 1234 y abc-d (Figs. 11–12); left mandible: molars and incisors with obtuse apexes, size b (or d)>a, size 3>4>1>2, prominence 3>4>1>2; right mandible: molars and incisors with obtuse apexes, a and b nipple like, d very broad, size d>b>a>c-, size 1>3>2>4, prominence 4>3>1>2, cleft between 3 and 4 shallow, y apex poorly distinguished. Prementum longer than wide in ventral view (only in the Rio de Janeiro specimen) (Fig. 13); ventral surface pale, lacking dark spots; ligula projected 0.37, forming an angle of about 120º; premental setae 10, unequal in length, the most internal smaller, growing up to the fourth or fifth of row, and other distinctly larger, about 1.5x as long as the centrals. Labial palps with 6 palpal setae (Fig. 14); proximal portion with setella and a group of 10 short spiniform setae; proximal 0.66 of outer margin with a row of about 10 short and robust setae; distal margin with 10–11 crenations (Fig. 15); crenations closest to outer margin with 1–3 setae; inner margin of palps with a row of about 25 setae; ventral surface without spots.

Thorax. Pronotum only with short setae, lateral margins with stout spiniform setae; inverted “V”spot illdefined in both exuviae and larvae.

Abdomen (Figs. 16–20). Dorsal hooks on S2–9, that of S2 barely distinct and like a tubercle (Figs. 16–17). Tergites with spiniform setae on lateral margins, increasing in number gradually toward apex of abdomen; posterior border of S4 tergite with short and filiform setae along its entire length; lateral spines on S8–9, as long as 0.58 and 1.1 mediodorsal length of respective segment. Cerci conical, ca. 0.75 of epiproct length in lateral view (Figs. 19–20).

Measurements (in mm; n=2). Total length 17.82–18.45; head mediodorsal length 2.15–2.28; head max. width 4.83–4.89; antenna total length 1.52–1.62; length of antennomeres 0.17–0.18, 0.19–0.22, 0.27–0.31, 0.17–0.20, 0.21–0.22, 0.26–0.27, 0.21–0.22; prementum length 4.42–4.48; prementum max. width 3.76–3.96; hindwing sheath length 4.80–4.97; metafemur length 4.31–5.18; metatibia length 4.35–4.50; abdomen length (incl. appendages) 7.78–8.41; abdomen max. width (S6) 5.34–5.54; epiproct length in lateral view 0.95–0.98; paraproct max. length in lateral view 0.74–0.80; cercus length in lateral view 0.75–0.76.

Diagnosis. The F-0 larva can be correctly identified as Macrothemis in the majority of the keys examined, except that of Costa et al. (2004) and Rodríguez Capítulo (1992) (Tables 1–2). The following combination of characters separates it from the other described larvae of the genus: antennomeres 5–7 distinctly longer than half of 3; ligula moderately prominent, with lateral margins forming an angle of ca. 120o (Fig. 15); 10 premental setae, not clearly divided in two groups; labial palps with crenations semicircular, deep notches (regular type) (Figs. 13–14); 6 palpal setae; setae of distal margin cylindrical; dorsal hooks on S2–9; dorsal hook of S2 small, shorter than the mediodorsal length of segment, tubercle-like (Figs. 16–17); dorsal hooks of S5–9 not reduced, with acute apex, similar to those of preceding segments; dorsal hook of S9 shorter, less pronounced distally than corresponding lateral spines; lateral spines of S9 straight; apex of lateral spines of S9 reaching the level of 0.66 epiproct in dorsal view (S10 and caudal appendages distinctly embedded on S9); total length longer than 15.5 mm.