TYPE LOCALITY. — See above.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE IN ASIA. — China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan.

CHRONOLOGIC RANGE. — Latest Miocene to early Pliocene.

Canini not distinct at the specific level from the typical North American species E. davisi, have been reported in the early Pliocene fossil record of China by Tedford & Qiu (1996). These authors report the occurrence of E. davisi in China along with that of another species (E. zhoui Tedford & Qiu, 1996, see later) that has no New World counterpart, suggesting later Miocene differentiation in the genus prior to its appearance in the Asian record (Tedford & Qiu 1996). Chinese specimens attributed to this species include complete skulls (while the North American record does not include complete good skulls). The Chinese material has been used by Tedford & Qiu (1996) to characterize cranial morphology of the species.

In addition to the material from the Yushe Basin (China), a few other findings referable to E. davisi have been recently reported from earliest Pliocene in Mongolia (Khirgis Nur, upper levels, and Sangin Dalay Nur) and Kazakhstan (Pavlodar) (Sotnikova & Rook 2009) (Fig. 2).

The occurrence of E. davisi in Pliocene sediments in China and Mongolia extends the geographic and geologic range of this taxon (surviving here until the mid Pliocene, perhaps around 2.5 Ma), with an enormous temporal range of more than 6 Ma, from about 9 to 2.5 Ma (Tedford & Qiu 1996).