Fig. 2. Morphological features of the genus Simulium. A, female head (front view); B, C, 3rd segments of female maxillary palps showing medium-sized and elongate sensory vesicles, respectively (B, S. brevipar; C, S. tani); D, female leg (fore, mid and hind legs from left); E, female claw with minute round subbasal tooth (S. keningauense); F, female claw without subbasal tooth (S. alberti); G, male genitalia (ventral view, left coxite and style and parameres omitted, S. brevipar); H, median sclerite with apical 1/2 nearly parallel sided (S. brevipar); I, median sclerite gradually widened toward apex (S. tani); J, pupa and cocoon; K, right pupal gill and pit-like organ (outer view, S. brevipar); L, enlargement of basal portion of pupal gill, pit-like organ and tubercles on thoracic integument (S. brevipar); M, relatively large tubercles with minute secondary projections on thoracic integument (S. brevipar); N, cone-shaped tubercles with pointed apices on dorsomedial surface of thorax (S. keningauense); O, 9th abdominal segment of pupa (dorsal view, S. tani); P, whole body of mature larva (lateral view); Q, R, head capsules of larva (Q, dorsal view; R, ventral view);S, posterior tip of larval abdomen (dorsal view). Scale bars = 0.2 mm for K; 0.05 mm for L; 0.04 mm for N; 0.01 mm for E, F, M.