FIGURE 8. Drawings based on wholemounts. The structures are viewed through the cuticle and anterior is to the left with down being mesal; thus all drawings show the left gland. Muscle fibres are grey and all structures are drawn as if they were transparent. Transparency of cuticle is not indicated. A–E: Hydropsychidae, Hydropsychinae. A and B: Cheumatopsyche campyla female and male, respectively. C. speciosa is similar. C and D: Hydropscyhe occidentalis female and male, respectively. Female H. tana is very similar to female H. occidentalis and female H. bronta is somewhat similar. Female and male H. placoda, male H. confusa, and internal structures of male H. bronta are similar to male H. occidentalis. E: H. cockerelli male. Male H. oslari and the protuberance in male H. bronta are similar to male H. cockerelli. Go, gland opening; Ip, insertion point for muscle; Op, origin point for muscle; Rs, gland reservoir; Sc, secretory cells; T-t, Trichoptera-type opening muscle.