Crosskey and Howard (1997) listed Spain in the country distribution for this species but did not give details on which the record (the ®rst for the Iberian peninsula) is based. The record stems from our own collection of this very rare and primitive western Palearctic simuliid in Castile-La Mancha region of Spain and full data of the specimens are as follows: 1 larva (immature), Ciudad Real Province, trickle on east side of N 420 road, south slope of Nieā Pass between Brazatortas and Fuencaliente, ca 800 m (UH8065), 6.iv.1994 (R. W. Crosskey); 1 pupa, 7 larvae (two at full`gill-spot’ stage), same data except date 7.iii.1995; 1 larva (immature), same trickle on south slope of Nieā Pass but on west side of N 420 road near its junction with RõÂo Montoro, ca 700 m (UH8064), 19.iii.1996. (The bed of the stream joins the Montoro river at the foot of the Nieā Pass but is usually dry in this lower stretch. Water ¯ows in winter higher up the Pass but dries up by March or early April.)

Recognition of the aquatic stages of Greniera fabri presents no problem. The larva has a deeply tri®d hypostomium and exceptionally long antennae in which the third segment has a curious dark spiral-like micro-annulation; the pupa has a gill of 14 very delicate and widely spreading ®laments in 8 1 6 grouping. Complete descriptions are given in Doby and David (1960) and Rivosecchi (1978). A good ®gure of the larval antenna of the genus Greniera can be found in Peterson (1996: 595).