Loxosceles rufescens
Authors/Creators
Description
Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820)
(FIGS 12, 31)
Scytodes rufescens Dufour, 1820: 203, pl. 76, f. 5; Audouin, 1826: 379, pl. 5, f. 2.
Loxosceles citigrada Heineken & Lowe, in Lowe, 1832: 322, pl. 48, f. 1–14.
Scytodes erythrocephala C. L. Koch, 1838: 90, f. 399–400.
Scytodes distincta Lucas, 1846: 104, pl. 2, f. 4.
Omosita rufescens — Simon, 1864: 50.
Scytodes pallida — Blackwall, 1865: 100 (misidentified).
Loxosceles erythrocephala — Simon, 1873: 38; Pavesi, 1876: 435; Simon, 1914: 75, f. 127.
Loxosceles rufescens — Simon, 1873: 38; Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 113, pl. 6, f. 69, pl. 16, f. 450; Simon, 1914: 75, f. 126;. Strand, 1918: 91, pl. 2, f. 28–29; Petrunkevitch, 1929: 108, f. 92–96; Bristowe, 1938: 311, f. 6; Comstock, 1940: 108, f. 96; Yaginuma, 1940: 129, f. 3; Gertsch, 1958: 31, f. 60–62, 73; Bücherl, 1961: 213, f. 2a; Lee, 1966: 24, f. 5a–d; Gertsch, 1967: 144, pl. 10, f. 5–8; Brignoli, 1969: 156, f. 19–62; Canese, 1972: 83, f. 1; Brignoli, 1976: 144, f. 9–10; Paik, 1978: 572, f. 6–13; Yin, Wang & Hu, 1983: 33, f. 1B, 3B; Gertsch & Ennik, 1983: 353, f. 341–343, 348–351; Lehtinen, 1986: 153, f. 4–5, 7; Yaginuma, 1986: 18, f. 12.1; 1987: 155, f. 20.9; Xu, 1987: 3, f. 4A–D; Chen & Gao, 1990: 37, f. 39a–b; Chen & Zhang, 1991: 68, f. 60.1–3; Dunin, 1992: 75, f. 1, 5, 10–12; Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 49, f. 19M–N, Q; Namkung, 2002: 30, f. 2.1a–c; Saaristo, 2002: 29, f. 84–86; Namkung, 2003: 30, f. 2.1a–c; Ono, 2009: 122, f. 1–6; Le Peru, 2011: 111, f. 112; Labarque & Ramírez, 2012: 3, f. 2E, 5A-B, 8A-B, 9E, 10E, 11E, 12E, 13E, 14E, 15E, 16E, 17E, 18E, 19E, 20D-E, 27C-F, 28A-F, 30C-D, 31E; Lotz, 2012: 29; Yin et al., 2012: 148, f. 21a-d; Mirshamsi, Hatami & Zamani, 2013: 83, f. 1-4; Zamani & Rafinejad, 2014: 229, f. 2-4; Zamani et al., 2014: 58, f. 1A-B; Chomphuphuang et al., 2016: 143, f. 3- 5, 8-9; Sadeghi, Dashan & Malek-Hossein, 2017: 157, f. 2-4.
Spermophora comoroensis — Butler, 1879: 43, pl. I, f. 5.
Loxosceles compactilis — Simon, 1881: 6.
Loxosceles distincta — Simon, 1908: 422.
Loxosceles marylandicus — Muma, 1944: 2, f. 1.
Loxosceles indrabeles — Tikader, 1963: 23, f. 1a–c. Loxosceles ruescens — Yoo & Kim, 2002: 25, f. 4.
Specimens studied. SOUTH AfRIcA: WESTERN CApE PROvINcE, 1♂, CApE TOWN, [33°56’S, 18°28’E], 26.IX.1914, R. TUckER LEG. (SAM B370).
Natural History. COLLEcTEd IN SOUTH AfRIcA fROM INSIdE bUILdINGS. Distribution. Loxosceles rufescens IS A cOSMOpOLITAN SpEcIES; IN SOUTH AfRIcA SO fAR ONLY kNOWN fROM CApE TOWN (FIG. 39).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- SAM , TOWN, LEG
- Event date
- 1914-09-26
- Verbatim event date
- 1914-09-26
- Scientific name authorship
- Dufour
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Order
- Araneae
- Family
- Sicariidae
- Genus
- Loxosceles
- Species
- rufescens
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) sec. Lotz, 2017
References
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- Heineken, C. & Lowe, R. T. (1832) Description of two species of Araneidae, native of Madeira. The Zoological Journal, London, 5, 320 - 322.
- Koch, C. L. (1838) Die Arachniden. Funfter Band, Zeh, Nurnberg, 124 pp.
- Lucas, H. (1846) Histoire naturelle des animaux articules. In: Lucas, H., Exploration scientifique de l'Algerie pendant les annees 1840, 1841, 1842. Vol. 1. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, pp. 89 - 271.
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- Blackwall, J. (1865) Descriptions of recently discovered spiders collected in the Cape de Verde Islands by John Gray, Esq. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 16, 80 - 101.
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- Canese, A. (1972) Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour 1820) en Isla Pucu del Departamento de la Cordillera (Paraguay). Revista Paraguaya de Microbiologia, 7, 83 - 85.
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- Yin, C. M., Wang, J. F. & Hu, Y. J. (1983) Essential types and the evolution of palpal organ of spiders. Journal of the Hunan Teachers' College (Natural Science Edition), 1983, 31 - 46.
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- Lehtinen, P. T. (1986) Evolution of the Scytodoidea. Proceedings of the 9 th International congress of Arachnology, 1983, 149 - 157.
- Yaginuma, T. (1986) Spiders of Japan in color. Hoikusha Publishing Company, Osaka, 30 pp. [new edition]
- Xu, Y. J. (1987) Preliminary studies on some spiders of the families Scytodidae and Loxoscelidae from Anhui. Journal of the Huizhou Teacher's College, 1987 (1), 1 - 6.
- Chen, X. E. & Gao, J. C. (1990) The Sichuan farmland spiders in China. Sichuan Scientific and Technical Publishing House, Chengdu, 226 pp.
- Chen, Z. F. & Zhang, Z. H. (1991) Fauna of Zhejiang: Araneida. Zhejiang Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanzhou, 356 pp.
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- Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp.
- Namkung, J. (2003) The Spiders of Korea. 2 nd Edition. Kyo-Hak Publishing Company, Seoul, 648 pp.
- Ono, H. (2009) The Spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, xvi + 739 pp.
- Le Peru, B. (2011) The spiders of Europe, a synthesis of data: Volume 1 Atypidae to Theridiidae. Memoires de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, 2, 1 - 522.
- Labarque, F. M. & Ramirez, M. J. (2012) The placement of the spider genus Periegops and the phylogeny of Scytodoidea (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Zootaxa, 3312, 1 - 44.
- Lotz, L. N. (2012) Present status of Sicariidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in the Afrotropical region. Zootaxa, 3522, 1 - 41.
- Yin, C. M., Peng, X. J., Yan, H M., Bao, Y. H., Xu, X., Tang, G., Zhou, Q. S. & Liu, P. (2012) Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha, 1590 pp.
- Mirshamsi, O., Hatami, M. & Zamani, A. (2013) New record of the Mediterranean recluse spider Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) and its bite from Khorasan Province, northeast of Iran (Aranei: Sicariidae). Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics, 9, 83 - 86.
- Zamani, A. & Rafinejad, J. (2014) First Record of the Mediterranean Recluse Spider Loxosceles rufescens (Araneae: Sicariidae) from Iran. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases, 8, 228 - 231.
- Chomphuphuang, N., Deowanish, S., Songsangchote, C., Sivayyapram, V., Thongprem, P. & Warrit, N. (2016) The Mediterranean recluse spider Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) (Araneae: Sicariidae) established in a natural cave in Thailand. Journal of Arachnology, 44, 142 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / R 15 - 61
- Sadeghi, S., Dashan, M. & Malek-Hosseini, M. J. (2017) Mediterranean Recluse Spider, Loxosceles rufescens (Araneae: Sicariidae) from Charkhab Cave, southern Iran. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases, 11, 156 - 160.
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- Simon, E. (1908) Etude sur les arachnides recueillis par M. le Dr Klaptocz en Tripolitaine. Zoologische Jahrbucher. II Abteilung fur Systema, 26, 419 - 438.
- Muma, M. H. (1944) A report on Maryland spiders. American Museum Novitates, 1257, 1 - 14.
- Tikader, B. K. (1963) On a new species of spider of the genus Loxosceles (Family Scytodidae) from India. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Calcutta, 16, 23 - 25.
- Yoo, J. C. & Kim, J. P. (2002) Studies on basic pattern and evolution of male palpal organ (Arachnida: Araneae). Korean Arachnology, 18, 13 - 31.