SGA: Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA) in Python

Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA) is a 'vanilla' GA that can be used for the purposes of education and research. SGA is applied in a simple optimization problem:

Let f(x)=abs(x-5/2+sin(x)) be a function that takes values in the range 0<=x<=15. Within this range f(x) has a maximum value at x=11 (binary value is equal to 1011).