ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF TAPI ESTUARY, SURAT, GUJARAT WITH REFERENCE TO HEAVY METALS
Authors/Creators
- 1. Department of Aquatic Biology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat
Description
Heavy metals are natural constituents of the marine and freshwater environment, generally found in very low concentrations. Human activity has inevitably increased the levels of metal ions in many of these natural water systems. The dynamic coastal and marine waters are frequently polluted by metals that affect the biota. Concentrations of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were observed in water samples collected from Tapi estuary were monitored spatially for two years to understand their distribution in estuary. The average value of heavy metals distribution in water was in order Pb>Zn>Cd> Hg in both the sampling years (2011-12 and 2012-13) from all the studied three sites, Dumas, Magdalla and Hazira.The levels of heavy metals were higher than the permissible limits recommended by statuary bodies. The statistical analysis concluded that there was significant difference in the average values of mercury, cadmium, lead and zinc between different sites in water in the year 2011-2012, P<0.05 at the significance level of 95%. The statistical analyses also exposed significant difference in the average values of mercury, cadmium, lead and zinc in water between different sites. The result of the present study concluded that the Tapi estuary had higher pollutants that need to be monitored regularly and conservation actions required to be implemented by the agencies and responsible bodies.
Files
178.pdf
Files
(743.0 kB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:4f9777c5b9d7c04dbd1817d5e772f2f9
|
743.0 kB | Preview Download |
Additional details
References
- 1. Abdel-Moati, M. A. and El-Sammak, A. A. 1997. Man-made impact on the geochemistry of the Nile Delta Lakes. A study of metals concentrations in sediments. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 97, 413-429. 2. Anazawa K, Kaido Y, Shinomura, Y, Tomiyasu T and Sakamoto H. 2004. Heavy-metal distribution in River waters and sediments around a "Fireflyillage´e, Shikoku, Japan, Application of multivariate analysis. Analytical Sciences; 20, 79-84 3. Bhuvaneshwari, R., Mamtha. N., Selvam. P., Rajendran. R. B. 2012. Bioaccumulation of metals in muscle, liver and gills of six commercial fish species at Anaikarai dam of River Kaveri, South India Int. J. Appl. Biol. Pharm. Technol., 3, 8-14 4. Burakov A. E. Galunin E. V, BurakovaI. V., Kucherova A. E, Agarwal. S., Tkachev A. G., Gupta. V. K. 2018. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety adsorption of heavy metals on conventional and nanostructured materials for wastewater treatment purposes: a review Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 702-712 5. Chakraborty. P, Ramteke. D., Chakraborty. S., Nagender Nath B, Changes in metal contamination levels in estuarine sediments around India - an assessment Mar. Pollut. Bull. 15; 78 (1-2), 15-25. 6. Dhanakumar. S., Solaraj. G., Mohanraj. R. 2015. Heavy metal partitioning in sediments and bio accumulation in commercial fish species of three major reservoirs of river Cauvery delta region, India Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. ,145-151 7. Duarte G. S. C., Lehun A. L., Leite L. A. R., Consolin-Filho N., Bellay. S., Takemoto. R. M. 2020. Acanthocephalans parasites of two Characiformes fishes as bioindicators of cadmium contamination in two neotropical rivers in Brazil, Sci. Total Environ.,738:140339 8. Ferrier, R.J., 1986. Lead in the environment in New Zealand. Chem. N. Z., 50: 107-111 9. Gupta. A, Rai D. K., Pandey R. S., Sharma.B.2009. Analysis of some heavy metals in the riverine water, sediments and fish from river Ganges at Allahabad Environ. Monit. Assess., 157(1-4):449-58 10. Hardman, D. J., Mceldowney, S. and Watte, S. 1994. Pollution, ecology and biotreatment. Longman Scientific, Technical, England. 11. Khan. S., Cao. Q., Zheng. Y. M., Huang. Y. Z., Zhu. Y. G. 2008. Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, Chin 12. Li. Y., Zhou. Q., Ren. B., Luo. J., Yuan. J., Ding. X., Bian. Yao. H., X. .2019. Trends and health risks of dissolved heavy metal pollution in Global River and Lake Water from 1970 t0 2017 P.D. Voogt (Ed.), Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Springer, Cham (2019), pp. 22-28 13. Martin. J. A. R., Arana. C. D., Ramos-Miras. J. J., Gil. C., Boluda. R. 2015. Impact of 70 years urban growth associated with heavy metal pollution, Environ Pollut., 196 (2015), 156-163 14. Mason, C.F. 2002. Biology of freshwater pollution. 4th ed. Essex Univ. England. 15. Padmini and Rani M. U. .2009. Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers in hepatocytes of grey mullet inhabiting natural and polluted estuaries Sci. Total Environ., 407 (2009), 4533-4541 16. Piscator, M., 1986. The Dependence of Toxic Reactions on the Chemical Species of the Elements. In: The Importance of Chemical Speciation in Environmental Processes, Bernhard, M., F.E. Brinckman and P.J. Sadler, (Eds.). Springer Verlag, Germany, pp: 58-70. 17. Surana. R, Gadhia and Ansari. E. 2015.Accumulation of lead in the muscle of brackish water fish (Boleopthalmusdussumieri), Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7 (2), December 2015, 662 - 665 18. Surana. R, Gadhia and Ansari. E. 2019.Assessment of heavy metal contamination in estuarine sediment, Gujarat, India, International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews ,6(1),104-109 19. Tao. Y., Yuan. Z., Xiaona. H., Wei. M. 2012. Distribution and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in aquatic organisms of different trophic levels and potential health risk assessment from Taihu lake, China Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 81 (2012), 55-64 20. Tsuchiya, K., 1981. Clinical Signs, Symptoms and Prognosis of Cadmium Poisoning. In: Cadmium in the Environment. Part II Health Effects, Nriagu, J.O. (Ed.). Wiley, New York, pp: 39-54. 21. USEPA .1986. Quality Criteria for Water. Office of Water Regulation and Standards, Washington DC, USEPA 40015-86-001, 256