Data from: Cumulative Gadodiamide administration leads to brain Gadolinium deposition in early MS

Objective: Frequent administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents in multiple sclerosis (MS) may increase signal intensity (SI) unenhanced T1-WI MRI throughout the brain. We evaluated the association between lifetime cumulative doses of gadodiamide administration and increased SI within the dentate nucleus (DN), globus pallidus (GP) and thalamus in patients with early MS. Methods: 203 (107 with baseline and follow-up MRI assessments) MS patients, and 262 age- and sex-matched controls were included in this retrospective, longitudinal, 3T MRI-reader-blinded study. MS patients had disease duration <2 years at baseline and received exclusively gadodiamide at all MRI time points. SI ratio (SIR) to pons and cerebrospinal fluid of lateral ventricle volume (CSF-LVV) were assessed. Analysis of covariance and correlation analyses, adjusted for age, sex and region of interest volume, were used. Results: The mean follow-up time was 55.4 months, and the mean number of GBCA administrations was 9.2. At follow-up, 49.3% MS patients and no controls showed DN T1 hyperintensity (p<0.001). The mean SIR of DN (p<0.001) and of GP (p=0.005) to pons and the mean SIR of DN, GP and thalamus to CSF-LVV were higher in MS patients compared to controls (p<0.001). SIR of DN to pons was associated with number of gadodiamide doses (p<0.001). No associations between SIR of DN, GP and thalamus, and clinical and MRI outcomes of disease severity were detected over the follow-up. Conclusions: DN, GP and thalamus gadolinium deposition in early MS is associated with lifetime cumulative gadodiamide administration without clinical or radiological correlates of more aggressive disease.